Can You Plant Corn in June? Late Planting Considerations
The answer is yes, you can plant corn in June, but it comes with caveats. Successful late planting requires understanding the specific risks and adapting your strategy to maximize yield potential despite the shortened growing season.
Introduction: The Balancing Act of Late Corn Planting
Planting corn in June represents a departure from the ideal, but it doesn’t necessarily spell disaster. Several factors influence the feasibility and potential success of late-planted corn, including geographical location, hybrid selection, and management practices. Understanding these variables is crucial for making informed decisions and optimizing outcomes. The key to success hinges on adapting your strategy to compensate for the reduced growing season.
Factors Influencing June Corn Planting Success
The success of planting corn in June depends on a delicate interplay of several factors:
Geographic Location: Regions with longer growing seasons, such as the southern United States, have a higher likelihood of successfully maturing corn planted in June. Northern regions with shorter frost-free periods face greater challenges.
Hybrid Selection: Choosing the right hybrid is paramount. Short-season hybrids, with lower relative maturity (RM) ratings, are specifically bred to mature more quickly, making them better suited for late planting.
Soil Temperature: Even in June, ensuring adequate soil temperature is crucial for germination. Aim for a consistent soil temperature of at least 50°F (10°C) at planting depth.
Moisture Availability: Adequate soil moisture is vital for germination and early growth. Irrigation may be necessary, particularly in drier regions.
Pest and Disease Pressure: Late planting can alter the timing of pest and disease cycles, potentially increasing or decreasing their impact. Vigilance and appropriate control measures are essential.
Benefits of Planting Corn in June (Though Limited)
While earlier planting is generally preferred, certain circumstances might necessitate or even favor June planting:
Prevent Planting: If earlier planting attempts failed due to excessive rainfall or other adverse weather conditions, June planting offers a second chance to salvage a corn crop.
Double Cropping: In some southern regions, corn can be planted after harvesting a winter crop, such as wheat.
Reduced Risk of Early-Season Diseases: In some areas, later planting can help avoid certain early-season diseases or insect pests.
The Process of Planting Corn in June
The planting process for late-planted corn largely mirrors that of earlier planting, but with increased attention to detail:
- Hybrid Selection: Choose a short-season hybrid (lower RM). Consult with local seed dealers for recommendations tailored to your region.
- Soil Preparation: Ensure the soil is well-tilled and free of weeds. Consider adding fertilizer based on soil test results.
- Planting Depth: Plant at the recommended depth for the selected hybrid, typically 1.5 to 2 inches.
- Seeding Rate: Adjust the seeding rate slightly higher than normal to compensate for potentially reduced germination rates in less than ideal conditions.
- Fertilization: Apply starter fertilizer at planting to promote rapid early growth.
- Weed Control: Implement a comprehensive weed control program, as weeds compete aggressively with young corn plants.
- Pest and Disease Monitoring: Regularly scout fields for pests and diseases and take appropriate action when necessary.
- Irrigation (If Needed): Provide supplemental irrigation if rainfall is insufficient.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Planting Corn Late
Avoiding these common pitfalls can significantly improve your chances of success:
Using Long-Season Hybrids: This is a critical error. Long-season hybrids require more time to mature and are unlikely to reach full yield potential when planted late.
Neglecting Soil Fertility: Late-planted corn needs readily available nutrients to grow quickly. Ensure adequate fertilization based on soil test recommendations.
Poor Weed Control: Weeds compete aggressively with corn for resources, especially in a shortened growing season.
Ignoring Pest and Disease Problems: Regular scouting and timely intervention are essential to prevent yield losses.
Insufficient Irrigation: Moisture stress can significantly reduce yields, particularly during critical growth stages.
Yield Expectations for June-Planted Corn
Yields from June-planted corn are generally lower than those from earlier plantings. The extent of the yield reduction depends on the severity of the yield limiting factor. However, adopting best management practices, such as selecting the appropriate hybrid, ensuring adequate fertility, and controlling weeds and pests, can help maximize yield potential.
Frequently Asked Questions about Planting Corn in June
Can I use the same fertilizer program for June-planted corn as for regular planting?
While the basic principles of fertilization remain the same, adjustments are often necessary for June-planted corn. Starter fertilizer is even more crucial to give the plants a quick start. Consider a slightly higher nitrogen application rate to compensate for the shorter growing season. Soil testing is always recommended.
What relative maturity (RM) corn hybrid should I choose for June planting?
The ideal RM depends on your location and the length of your growing season. Generally, choose the shortest RM hybrid that is well-adapted to your area. Consult with local seed dealers or agricultural extension agents for specific recommendations.
How does planting date affect corn yield?
Generally, corn yield potential decreases with later planting dates. This is due to a shorter grain fill period, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and greater exposure to heat stress during critical growth stages.
Is irrigation more important for June-planted corn?
Yes, irrigation becomes more critical for June-planted corn, especially in regions with limited rainfall. Moisture stress during critical growth stages, such as pollination and grain fill, can significantly reduce yields.
Will late planting affect grain quality?
Late planting can potentially affect grain quality. The kernels may be smaller and the test weight lower if the plants do not have sufficient time to fully mature before the first frost.
What are the risks of frost damage with June planting?
The risk of frost damage increases with June planting, especially in northern regions. Early frosts can terminate the growing season prematurely, resulting in significant yield losses. Careful hybrid selection and timely harvest are essential to mitigate this risk.
How do I adjust my seeding rate for late planting?
Increasing your seeding rate is recommended for late planting. The goal is to increase the chances of achieving an adequate plant population to offset the potential for reduced germination rates and less vigorous early growth.
Does planting corn in June increase insect pressure?
Depending on the insect species, planting corn in June can either increase or decrease insect pressure. Some insects may be more active during the late planting window, while others may be less prevalent. Scouting and monitoring are crucial.
What are the best weed control strategies for June-planted corn?
A comprehensive weed control program is essential for June-planted corn. This may involve a combination of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides, as well as cultivation if necessary.
Can I still harvest corn for silage if I plant in June?
Yes, you can still harvest corn for silage if you plant in June. The primary difference is that the silage will likely have a lower grain content compared to silage from earlier plantings.
Is it worth planting corn in June if I have crop insurance?
Crop insurance can provide some financial protection if your corn crop fails due to adverse weather conditions. However, it is essential to understand the terms and conditions of your policy and to consult with your insurance provider to determine the potential coverage for late-planted corn.
Are there any other crops that might be a better option than corn if planting in June?
In some cases, other crops may be a more suitable option than corn for late planting. Soybeans, sorghum, or sunflowers are often viable alternatives that can tolerate shorter growing seasons and still provide a reasonable return.