How to Refinish Old Kitchen Cabinets: A Comprehensive Guide
Refinishing old kitchen cabinets is an achievable DIY project that can significantly update your kitchen’s appearance and save money compared to replacement by cleaning, prepping, applying a new finish and new hardware if necessary. In essence, you’re giving your cabinets a new lease on life.
The Allure of Refinishing: Why Bother?
Refinishing kitchen cabinets is more than just a cosmetic upgrade; it’s a strategic decision that offers several compelling benefits. For homeowners looking to refresh their kitchen without the hefty price tag of a full renovation, refinishing presents an attractive and cost-effective alternative.
- Cost Savings: Replacement can cost thousands. Refinishing, on the other hand, involves mainly the cost of materials, saving significantly on labor.
- Environmental Responsibility: Reusing existing cabinets reduces waste, contributing to a more sustainable lifestyle.
- Personalization: Refinishing allows you to choose a color and finish that perfectly complements your aesthetic, something stock cabinets might not offer.
- Quality Preservation: Older cabinets are often built with higher-quality wood and construction than their modern counterparts. Refinishing preserves this inherent value.
Assessing Your Cabinets: Are They Worth Saving?
Before embarking on this DIY journey, it’s crucial to assess the condition of your cabinets. Not all cabinets are good candidates for refinishing.
- Solid Wood vs. Laminate: Solid wood cabinets are generally ideal for refinishing. Laminate or veneer cabinets can be more challenging, requiring specialized techniques and often yielding less satisfactory results.
- Structural Integrity: Inspect for water damage, warping, or significant cracks. If the structural damage is extensive, replacement might be the better option.
- Hardware and Hinges: Evaluate the condition of the hardware. Can it be cleaned and reused, or will it need replacement? Consider upgrading to modern hinges and pulls for a fresh look.
The Refinishing Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Refinishing cabinets involves a series of well-defined steps. Careful execution is key to achieving a professional-looking result.
Preparation is Paramount:
- Remove all doors and drawers. Label them clearly to ensure proper reinstallation.
- Remove all hardware (hinges, knobs, pulls).
- Thoroughly clean the cabinets with a degreasing cleaner to remove grease and grime. Rinse and let dry.
- Protect your work area with drop cloths or plastic sheeting.
Sanding for Success:
- Lightly sand all surfaces with 120-grit sandpaper to create a smooth surface and help the new finish adhere.
- Pay close attention to edges and corners.
- For cabinets with a thick, glossy finish, you may need to start with a coarser grit (80-grit) and then move to a finer grit.
- Vacuum up all sanding dust and wipe down the surfaces with a tack cloth.
Priming for Perfection:
- Apply a thin, even coat of primer specifically designed for kitchen cabinets. Use a high-quality brush or a sprayer for best results.
- Primer helps block stains, ensures even color, and provides a good surface for the topcoat to adhere to.
- Let the primer dry completely according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Lightly sand the primed surface with 220-grit sandpaper to remove any imperfections.
Painting or Staining:
- Choose your finish: Paint offers a wide range of colors and finishes, while stain enhances the natural wood grain.
- Apply the paint or stain in thin, even coats, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Allow each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
- For paint, two coats are usually sufficient. For stain, the number of coats will depend on the desired depth of color.
Sealing for Durability:
- Apply a clear coat of polyurethane or varnish to protect the finish and enhance its durability.
- Choose a finish (matte, satin, semi-gloss, or gloss) that complements your style.
- Apply two to three thin coats, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
- Lightly sand between coats with 320-grit sandpaper for a smooth finish.
Reassembly and Finishing Touches:
- Reinstall the hardware.
- Reattach the doors and drawers, ensuring they align properly.
- Make any necessary adjustments to the hinges.
- Step back and admire your newly refinished kitchen cabinets!
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Even with careful planning, mistakes can happen. Avoiding these common pitfalls will help ensure a successful refinishing project:
- Skipping Preparation: Inadequate cleaning and sanding will result in a poor finish.
- Using the Wrong Products: Using the wrong type of primer, paint, or sealant can lead to peeling, chipping, or discoloration.
- Applying Thick Coats: Thick coats of paint or stain can lead to drips, runs, and an uneven finish.
- Rushing the Drying Process: Not allowing sufficient drying time between coats can result in a soft, tacky finish.
- Ignoring Hardware: Old, mismatched hardware can detract from the overall look of the refinished cabinets.
Materials and Tools Checklist:
- Degreasing cleaner
- Sandpaper (80, 120, 220, 320 grit)
- Tack cloth
- Primer
- Paint or stain
- Polyurethane or varnish
- Paintbrushes or sprayer
- Drop cloths
- Screwdriver
- Safety glasses
- Dust mask
| Tool/Material | Description | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Degreasing Cleaner | Specially formulated kitchen cleaner | Removes grease, grime, and old residue |
| Sandpaper | Assorted grits (80-320) | Prepares surface for primer and paint, smooths between coats |
| Primer | Oil-based or latex based depending on your paint choice | Creates an even base, helps paint adhere, blocks stains |
| Paint/Stain | Your color and style choice | Adds color and protects the wood |
| Polyurethane/Varnish | Clear coat | Protects the paint/stain, adds durability, and defines sheen (matte, satin, gloss) |
| Safety Glasses | Protective eyewear | Prevents dust and debris from entering eyes |
| Dust Mask | Filtration mask | Prevents inhalation of dust particles during sanding |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How much does it cost to refinish kitchen cabinets compared to replacing them?
Refinishing is significantly cheaper than replacing kitchen cabinets. Refinishing can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000 for an average-sized kitchen, while replacement can easily exceed $5,000 to $15,000 or more, depending on the materials and complexity of the installation. Therefore, refinishing could save you thousands of dollars.
What’s the best type of paint to use for kitchen cabinets?
For kitchen cabinets, alkyd or oil-based paint is often recommended for its durability and smooth finish. However, latex paints, especially acrylic latex, are increasingly popular due to their ease of use, low VOC content, and excellent adhesion. Always choose a paint specifically designed for cabinets and trim.
Can I refinish laminate cabinets, and what’s the process?
While more challenging, laminate cabinets can be refinished. The process involves thorough cleaning, priming with a specialized bonding primer, and applying several thin coats of paint designed for laminate surfaces. The results might not be as durable as refinishing solid wood, so proceed with caution and manage expectations.
How long does it take to refinish kitchen cabinets?
The time required to refinish kitchen cabinets depends on several factors, including the size of the kitchen, the complexity of the design, and your skill level. Generally, expect the project to take 3-7 days, allowing ample time for cleaning, sanding, priming, painting, and drying.
Do I need to sand my cabinets down to bare wood before refinishing?
Not necessarily. You don’t usually need to sand down to bare wood unless the existing finish is severely damaged or peeling. Light sanding to create a smooth surface and roughen the existing finish for better adhesion is usually sufficient.
What’s the best way to remove old paint or varnish from kitchen cabinets?
There are several methods for removing old paint or varnish, including sanding, using chemical strippers, or heat guns. Chemical strippers are often the most effective for removing multiple layers of paint, but they require careful handling and proper ventilation. Sanding is a less harsh option, but it can be more time-consuming.
How do I prevent paint from chipping or peeling on my refinished cabinets?
Proper preparation is key to preventing chipping and peeling. Thoroughly clean and sand the surfaces before priming and painting. Use a high-quality primer and paint specifically designed for cabinets, and allow each coat to dry completely before applying the next. Sealing with a clear coat of polyurethane or varnish also adds extra protection.
Can I use a paint sprayer for refinishing kitchen cabinets?
Yes, a paint sprayer can achieve a smooth, professional finish on kitchen cabinets. However, it requires some skill and practice. Thin the paint according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and use proper technique to avoid runs and drips. Always wear a respirator when spraying paint.
What type of clear coat is best for kitchen cabinets: polyurethane or varnish?
Both polyurethane and varnish are suitable for protecting kitchen cabinets. Polyurethane is generally more durable and water-resistant, making it a good choice for high-traffic areas. Varnish offers a warmer, more traditional look. Consider oil-based versions of each for increased durability.
How do I fix minor scratches or dents in my kitchen cabinets before refinishing?
For minor scratches and dents, use wood filler to fill in the imperfections. Sand the filler smooth once it’s dry, and then prime and paint as usual. For deeper dents, you may need to apply multiple layers of filler.
Should I replace the hardware (knobs, pulls, hinges) when refinishing my kitchen cabinets?
Replacing the hardware is an excellent way to update the look of your kitchen cabinets and complement the new finish. Choose hardware that complements your style and finish. New hinges can also improve the functionality of your cabinets.
How do I clean and maintain my refinished kitchen cabinets?
Clean your refinished kitchen cabinets regularly with a mild soap and water solution. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that can damage the finish. Wipe up spills promptly to prevent staining.