Is Cream Of Tartar…? Decoding a Kitchen Staple
Cream of tartar is not a cream, but rather a dry, acidic powder that’s a byproduct of winemaking and used in baking to stabilize egg whites, increase volume in baked goods, and prevent sugar from crystallizing. It is, in essence, purified potassium bitartrate.
What Exactly Is Cream of Tartar? The Science Behind the Powder
Cream of tartar, scientifically known as potassium bitartrate or potassium hydrogen tartrate, is a powdered acid that forms naturally during the fermentation of grapes into wine. During this process, tartaric acid, a natural component of grapes, crystallizes and forms a crust inside wine barrels. This crust is collected, purified, and ground into the fine, white powder we know as cream of tartar.
Think of it less as an ingredient intentionally added to food and more as a natural byproduct transformed into a valuable culinary tool. Its role extends beyond baking, finding applications in cleaning and even homemade playdough.
The Winemaking Connection
The origin of cream of tartar is intrinsically linked to winemaking. The formation of tartrates is a natural part of wine aging. Winemakers often chill wine before bottling to encourage tartrate crystals to precipitate out, ensuring a clear and stable product for consumers.
The process of recovering cream of tartar involves:
- Collecting the crust from the interior of wine barrels.
- Dissolving the crust in hot water.
- Filtering the solution to remove impurities.
- Allowing the solution to cool, causing potassium bitartrate to crystallize.
- Drying and grinding the crystals into a fine powder.
Culinary Applications and Benefits
Cream of tartar is a versatile ingredient in the kitchen, performing several crucial functions:
- Stabilizing Egg Whites: It strengthens the protein structure of egg whites when whipped, allowing them to achieve greater volume and hold their shape longer. This is essential for meringues, soufflés, and angel food cake.
- Increasing Volume in Baked Goods: When used with baking soda, it creates a leavening reaction that results in lighter, fluffier baked goods.
- Preventing Sugar Crystallization: It interferes with the formation of sugar crystals, resulting in smoother candies, frostings, and syrups.
- Reducing Discoloration: When boiling vegetables like cauliflower or broccoli, a pinch of cream of tartar can help maintain their bright color.
- Homemade Playdough: As an essential component to homemade playdough, it contributes to its pliability and smooth texture.
Common Mistakes and Alternatives
While generally safe and easy to use, there are a few common mistakes to avoid:
- Using Too Much: Overuse can result in a metallic or slightly sour taste.
- Storing Improperly: Cream of tartar should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.
- Confusing with Baking Powder: Cream of tartar is an acid, while baking powder is a complete leavening agent (containing both an acid and a base).
- Trying to Use as a Direct Substitute for Baking Soda: You cannot directly substitute cream of tartar for baking soda without adding another alkaline ingredient.
If you don’t have cream of tartar, possible alternatives include:
- Lemon juice (use sparingly, as it’s a liquid)
- White vinegar (also use sparingly and consider the flavor)
- Buttermilk (adjust the liquid content in the recipe)
These are not perfect substitutes, and the best choice depends on the recipe and desired outcome.
Cream of Tartar in Non-Food Applications
Beyond the kitchen, cream of tartar finds uses as a:
- Cleaning Agent: Mixed with water, it can remove stains from aluminum and porcelain.
- Metal Polisher: A paste of cream of tartar and water can polish brass and copper.
- Ingredient in Homemade Cleaners: Many recipes for natural cleaning solutions include cream of tartar.
Storage and Shelf Life
Cream of tartar has a long shelf life if stored properly. It should be kept in an airtight container in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Under these conditions, it can last for several years. Check the expiration date on the container for specific recommendations. While it may not “go bad” in the traditional sense, its potency may diminish over time.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the chemical formula of cream of tartar?
The chemical formula for cream of tartar is KHC₄H₄O₆, which represents potassium hydrogen tartrate (or potassium bitartrate). This formula illustrates its composition of potassium (K), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O).
Is cream of tartar the same as tartar sauce?
No, cream of tartar is a dry powder, while tartar sauce is a creamy condiment typically made with mayonnaise, pickles, capers, and herbs. They are completely different products.
Is cream of tartar safe to consume?
Yes, cream of tartar is generally considered safe to consume in the amounts typically used in baking and cooking. However, excessive consumption may cause mild digestive discomfort.
Can I use cream of tartar if I’m allergic to grapes?
While cream of tartar is derived from grapes, it is highly purified. Most individuals with grape allergies can tolerate it, but it’s always best to consult with an allergist to be sure. Trace amounts of grape protein may be present.
Does cream of tartar contain gluten?
No, cream of tartar is naturally gluten-free.
Can I make cream of tartar at home?
Unfortunately, no, you cannot easily make cream of tartar at home. The process of collecting and purifying tartrates requires specialized equipment and expertise.
How much cream of tartar should I use?
The amount of cream of tartar to use varies depending on the recipe. Typically, a recipe will call for ¼ to ½ teaspoon per egg white for stabilization, or a similar amount when used in combination with baking soda.
What happens if I omit cream of tartar from a recipe?
Omitting cream of tartar may result in less stable egg whites (which will deflate more quickly) and a less fluffy texture in baked goods. The effect will depend on the recipe.
Can cream of tartar help with heartburn?
There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that cream of tartar helps with heartburn. In fact, its acidity could potentially worsen symptoms. Consult with a healthcare professional for heartburn relief.
Does cream of tartar expire?
While cream of tartar has a long shelf life, it’s best to use it within a few years of purchase for optimal potency. Store it properly in an airtight container.
Where can I buy cream of tartar?
Cream of tartar is widely available in the baking aisle of most grocery stores. You can also find it online.
Is cream of tartar vegan?
Yes, cream of tartar is vegan, as it is derived from grapes and does not contain any animal products.