How To Store Fertilized Eggs? Maximizing Hatch Rates
Fertilized eggs should be stored at a specific temperature and humidity to maintain viability before incubation; storing them properly involves keeping them cool and humid (ideally between 55-65°F and 70-75% humidity) and turning them regularly to maximize your chances of a successful hatch.
Understanding Fertilized Egg Storage
Storing fertilized eggs isn’t as simple as tossing them in the refrigerator. It’s a delicate balancing act designed to slow down embryonic development without killing the embryo altogether. Improper storage can lead to reduced hatch rates or even complete failure. Therefore, mastering the techniques of proper storage is crucial for poultry breeders, backyard chicken keepers, and anyone interested in hatching healthy chicks.
Benefits of Properly Storing Fertilized Eggs
Proper storage extends the window of opportunity for hatching eggs, allowing you to:
- Accumulate a larger clutch before starting incubation.
- Hatch eggs from different hens at the same time.
- Ship eggs to breeders in other locations.
- Save eggs from favorite hens for later breeding.
- Coordinate incubation cycles to suit your schedule.
Without adequate storage, the viability of fertilized eggs diminishes rapidly after being laid.
The Optimal Storage Process: Step-by-Step Guide
Here’s a detailed guide to storing fertilized eggs for maximum hatchability:
- Gather Fresh Eggs: Collect eggs at least twice daily to minimize the time they are exposed to temperature fluctuations and potential contamination in the nest.
- Clean the Eggs (If Necessary): Only clean eggs that are visibly soiled. Gently wipe away debris with a dry cloth or a lightly dampened, clean sponge. Avoid washing unless absolutely necessary, as it can remove the protective bloom.
- Store Pointed End Down: Place eggs in an egg carton or tray with the pointed end facing down. This helps to keep the air cell at the blunt end, which is crucial for the developing chick’s respiration.
- Maintain Consistent Temperature and Humidity: The ideal storage temperature is between 55-65°F (12-18°C), and the humidity should be between 70-75%. A cool, humid basement or wine cellar is often suitable. You can also use a dedicated egg storage incubator or a refrigerator equipped with a temperature and humidity controller.
- Turn the Eggs Regularly: Turn eggs at least once a day, preferably twice, to prevent the yolk from sticking to the shell membrane. You can do this by tilting the carton or tray at a 45-degree angle in alternating directions.
- Limit Storage Duration: While fertilized eggs can be stored for up to 10-14 days, hatch rates decline with longer storage times. Aim to incubate eggs within 7 days of being laid for the best results.
- Avoid Temperature Fluctuations: Temperature fluctuations are detrimental to egg viability. Strive to maintain a consistently cool and humid environment.
Monitoring Temperature and Humidity
Accurate monitoring of temperature and humidity is paramount. Invest in a reliable hygrometer (humidity meter) and thermometer. Keep these inside your storage container to get accurate readings. Regularly check and adjust the conditions as needed.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Washing Eggs Excessively: Washing removes the protective bloom, making eggs vulnerable to bacterial contamination.
- Storing in Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight can overheat eggs and damage the embryo.
- Freezing Eggs: Freezing will kill the embryo.
- Ignoring Humidity: Low humidity will dry out the eggs, reducing hatchability.
- Neglecting Turning: Failing to turn eggs can lead to the yolk sticking to the shell membrane.
- Storing Dirty Eggs: Heavily soiled eggs should not be stored. If possible clean them gently, or discard them.
Alternatives to Refrigeration
While a refrigerator can be used, it’s essential to manage temperature and humidity carefully. A dedicated egg storage incubator offers precise control over these factors. A cool, dark basement with high humidity can also be a suitable alternative, but requires careful monitoring.
Optimizing Hatch Rates After Storage
After storage, allow the eggs to warm to room temperature gradually for several hours before placing them in the incubator. This helps to prevent thermal shock and promotes a more even start to embryonic development.
Frequently Asked Questions About Storing Fertilized Eggs
How long can I realistically store fertilized eggs and still expect a good hatch rate?
While fertilized eggs can be stored for up to two weeks, the optimal storage period is around 7 days. Beyond this timeframe, hatch rates typically start to decline, as the embryo’s viability reduces over time. Prioritize freshness to increase success.
What is the “bloom” on an egg, and why is it important?
The bloom, also known as the cuticle, is a natural protective coating on the eggshell that prevents bacteria from entering. Washing eggs removes this bloom, making them more susceptible to contamination. Therefore, minimize washing and only clean visibly soiled eggs.
Can I use a regular refrigerator to store fertilized eggs?
Yes, you can use a regular refrigerator, but it requires careful management. The refrigerator temperature is often too cold, so adjust the settings to achieve the ideal 55-65°F range. Also, increase the humidity by placing a container of water inside the refrigerator.
How often should I turn the eggs during storage?
Turning eggs at least once a day is crucial to prevent the yolk from sticking to the shell membrane. Ideally, turn them twice a day, morning and evening, tilting the carton or tray at a 45-degree angle in alternating directions.
What happens if I forget to turn the eggs for a few days?
Missing a few days of turning can reduce hatch rates, but it doesn’t necessarily mean all the eggs will be ruined. Restart turning as soon as possible and monitor the incubation process carefully. The impact depends on storage duration and temperatures.
Can I store different breeds of chicken eggs together?
Yes, you can store different breeds of chicken eggs together without any issues. The storage process is the same regardless of breed. Just make sure you can identify each breed before incubation to avoid confusion.
What if my storage temperature fluctuates slightly?
Minor temperature fluctuations are unlikely to cause significant harm, but avoid extreme swings. Strive for a consistently cool environment. Significant fluctuations can stress the embryo and lower hatch rates.
How can I increase humidity if my storage area is too dry?
Increasing humidity is crucial in dry environments. Place a shallow container of water inside your storage container or room. You can also use a humidifier to maintain the ideal 70-75% humidity level.
Is it safe to store cracked eggs?
Never store cracked eggs for incubation. Cracked eggs are highly susceptible to bacterial contamination, which can kill the embryo and potentially contaminate other eggs in the storage area. Discard cracked eggs immediately.
Should I candle the eggs before storing them?
Candling eggs before storing them is generally not necessary. You can candle them after a few days of incubation to check for fertility and development. Candling prior to storage doesn’t provide meaningful information.
What are the signs that an egg has been stored improperly?
Signs of improper storage include a strong odor, discoloration of the shell, or visible signs of spoilage. Eggs that have been stored at excessively high temperatures or low humidity may also appear shrunken or dried out. Discard any eggs that show these signs.
Does the age of the hen affect the hatchability of stored eggs?
Yes, the age of the hen can affect hatchability. Eggs from young, healthy hens tend to have higher hatch rates than those from older hens. Ensure the hen is receiving proper nutrition to optimize egg quality and fertility.