How to Shell Hazelnuts?

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How to Shell Hazelnuts: A Complete Guide

The best ways to shell hazelnuts involve drying them properly and then using a variety of tools or techniques, ranging from simple nutcrackers to more specialized mechanical devices, to crack the shells while minimizing damage to the nutmeats.

Hazelnut Background and Benefits

Hazelnuts, also known as filberts, are the nuts of the Corylus tree. Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, they’ve been a valuable food source for centuries. Beyond their delicious flavor, hazelnuts offer a range of health benefits. They are packed with:

Healthy Fats: Primarily monounsaturated fats, beneficial for heart health.
Fiber: Aids digestion and promotes satiety.
Vitamins and Minerals: Including vitamin E, manganese, copper, and magnesium.
Antioxidants: Help protect against cellular damage.

Hazelnuts are a versatile ingredient, used in everything from chocolate and baked goods to salads and savory dishes. However, enjoying their rich flavor often requires tackling the task of shelling them first.

The Importance of Proper Drying

Before you even think about cracking open a hazelnut, proper drying is crucial. This step significantly impacts the shelling process and the quality of the nutmeats. Undried hazelnuts are often difficult to crack, and the nutmeats may be rubbery or prone to mold.

Here’s why drying matters:

Easier Shelling: Dried shells become more brittle and easier to crack.
Improved Flavor: Drying concentrates the hazelnut’s natural flavors.
Longer Shelf Life: Reduces moisture content, preventing spoilage.

Drying methods include:

Air Drying: Spread hazelnuts in a single layer on a screen or tray in a well-ventilated area. Turn them regularly. This method can take several weeks.
Oven Drying: Preheat your oven to the lowest possible setting (ideally around 150°F or 65°C). Spread the hazelnuts in a single layer on a baking sheet and bake for 2-4 hours, checking and stirring frequently.
Food Dehydrator: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for drying nuts.

Effective Shelling Methods

Once your hazelnuts are properly dried, you can explore various shelling methods. Here are some of the most effective techniques:

Nutcracker: The classic and most common method. Use a standard nutcracker, ensuring the hazelnut is positioned securely before applying pressure. Multiple cracks may be needed.
Hammer: A more forceful approach. Place the hazelnut on a hard surface (like a cutting board) and gently tap it with a hammer. Be careful not to crush the nutmeat. A towel covering the nut can help prevent it from scattering.
Door Jamb: Position the hazelnut between the door and the jamb. Gently close the door until you hear a crack. Be cautious not to damage the door or the nutmeat.
Pliers: Similar to a nutcracker, pliers can provide leverage for cracking the shells. Use caution to avoid squeezing too hard.
Mechanical Nutcrackers: For larger quantities, consider investing in a mechanical nutcracker, which can significantly speed up the process. These often use levers or gears to apply consistent pressure.
Freezing and Thawing: Some believe that freezing the hazelnuts and then thawing them can make the shells more brittle and easier to crack. While results may vary, it’s worth trying.

Minimizing Nutmeat Damage

Preserving the integrity of the hazelnut meat is key. Here are some tips to minimize damage:

Control Your Force: Apply pressure gradually and deliberately, avoiding excessive force that could crush the nutmeat.
Use the Right Tool: Choose the appropriate tool for the job. A nutcracker is generally safer than a hammer for delicate hazelnuts.
Practice Patience: Take your time and avoid rushing the process.
Sort by Size: Shell hazelnuts of similar sizes together. This ensures consistent pressure and reduces the likelihood of crushing smaller nuts.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoiding common mistakes is crucial for a successful hazelnut shelling experience. Here are some pitfalls to steer clear of:

Not Drying Properly: As mentioned earlier, this is the biggest mistake. Always ensure your hazelnuts are thoroughly dried before attempting to shell them.
Applying Too Much Force: Overzealous cracking often results in crushed nutmeats.
Using the Wrong Tool: Attempting to shell hazelnuts with inappropriate tools can lead to inefficiency and damage.
Ignoring Safety: Be mindful of your fingers and surroundings when using tools like hammers or nutcrackers. Wear safety glasses if desired.
Shelling in Bulk Without a Plan: Shell only the amount of hazelnuts you plan to use immediately. Shelled hazelnuts spoil faster than unshelled ones.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

H4: How long do shelled hazelnuts stay fresh?

Shelled hazelnuts are perishable and will go rancid relatively quickly due to their high oil content. They typically stay fresh for 1-2 weeks at room temperature in an airtight container, or up to 3-4 months in the refrigerator, and even longer in the freezer.

H4: Can I roast hazelnuts before or after shelling?

It’s generally recommended to roast hazelnuts after shelling. Roasting enhances their flavor and makes it easier to remove the skins. However, some people prefer to roast them in their shells to help dry them further.

H4: How do I remove the skins from hazelnuts after roasting?

The easiest way to remove the skins is to rub the roasted hazelnuts vigorously in a clean kitchen towel. The skins should loosen and fall off. Some skins may be stubborn, so don’t worry if you can’t remove them all.

H4: What’s the best way to store unshelled hazelnuts?

Unshelled hazelnuts should be stored in a cool, dry, and dark place. A pantry or basement is ideal. They can last for several months if stored properly. Avoid storing them in direct sunlight or in humid environments.

H4: Are some hazelnut varieties easier to shell than others?

Yes, certain hazelnut varieties have thinner shells that are easier to crack. Research different varieties in your region to find those known for their shellability.

H4: Is it safe to eat hazelnuts that have a slightly bitter taste?

A slightly bitter taste in hazelnuts can indicate that they are beginning to go rancid. While eating a slightly rancid hazelnut won’t necessarily make you sick, the flavor is unpleasant and it’s best to discard them.

H4: Can I use a food processor to shell hazelnuts?

While technically possible, using a food processor to shell hazelnuts is not recommended. It’s difficult to control the process, and you’re likely to end up with crushed nutmeats and shell fragments mixed together.

H4: What’s the best way to tell if a hazelnut is good before shelling?

Shake the hazelnut. If you hear a rattling sound, it may be an indication that the nutmeat has shrunk and is no longer fresh. A good hazelnut will feel heavy and solid for its size.

H4: Is it worth buying pre-shelled hazelnuts?

Buying pre-shelled hazelnuts can be a convenient option, especially if you need them for a recipe immediately. However, they are generally more expensive than unshelled hazelnuts, and they have a shorter shelf life.

H4: Can I grow my own hazelnuts?

Yes, growing your own hazelnuts is possible if you live in a suitable climate. However, it requires patience, as hazelnut trees can take several years to mature and produce nuts. They also require cross-pollination, so you’ll need to plant multiple trees.

H4: What are the nutritional benefits of eating hazelnuts?

Hazelnuts are a nutritious food, packed with healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are a good source of vitamin E, manganese, copper, and magnesium. They also contain antioxidants that help protect against cellular damage.

H4: How can I use hazelnut shells after shelling?

Hazelnut shells can be composted or used as mulch in your garden. They can also be used as a natural fire starter. Avoid using them in areas where pets or children might ingest them.