Can You Plant Garlic in June? Unveiling the Secrets of Late-Season Garlic Growing
While ideally planted in the fall, planting garlic in June is possible, but the success rate is significantly reduced and depends heavily on choosing the right variety and providing optimal conditions. You will need to adjust your expectations and methods for success.
The Conventional Wisdom: Fall Planting and Why It Matters
Garlic’s traditional planting season is in the fall, typically a few weeks before the ground freezes. This allows the cloves to establish roots before winter, resulting in larger bulbs the following summer. This period of cold exposure, known as vernalization, is crucial for many garlic varieties to properly develop. Fall planting gives garlic a head start, maximizing its growth potential.
The Challenges of June Planting
Planting garlic in June presents several challenges that directly impact bulb size and yield.
- Lack of Vernalization: Spring-planted garlic misses the crucial cold period necessary for optimal bulb formation.
- Shortened Growing Season: Starting in June leaves the garlic less time to mature before the first frost. This can result in smaller bulbs or, in some cases, no bulb formation at all.
- Higher Soil Temperatures: Warm soil can hinder root development, especially in the initial stages.
- Increased Weed Pressure: With other plants in full swing, weeds can easily outcompete late-planted garlic.
Overcoming the Hurdles: Selecting the Right Garlic
Not all garlic varieties respond equally to spring planting. Softneck garlic varieties, which are typically grown in warmer climates, are more likely to succeed when planted in June. Hardneck garlic varieties generally require a longer period of cold vernalization and may not bulb properly when planted in spring.
- Softneck Garlic: These varieties are known for their adaptability and multiple cloves. They are generally more tolerant of warmer climates and shorter growing seasons. Popular choices include California Early, Italian Late, and Silverskin varieties.
- Consider Pre-Chilling: While not a perfect substitute for fall planting, refrigerating your garlic cloves for a few weeks before planting can simulate vernalization to a degree, potentially improving bulb formation. Place cloves (not the entire bulb) in a paper bag in the refrigerator for 4-6 weeks before planting.
The Planting Process: A Modified Approach
Even with the right variety, success hinges on proper planting techniques.
- Soil Preparation: Choose a location with well-draining soil and full sun. Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve fertility and drainage.
- Planting Depth: Plant cloves approximately 2-3 inches deep, with the pointed end facing up.
- Spacing: Space cloves about 4-6 inches apart within rows, and rows 12-18 inches apart.
- Watering: Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged, throughout the growing season.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
- Fertilizing: Fertilize regularly with a balanced fertilizer, especially during the early stages of growth.
Mitigating Risks: Maximizing Your Chances of Success
Several strategies can improve your odds of a successful June garlic harvest.
- Early Start: The earlier in June you plant, the better. Aim for the first week if possible.
- Consistent Watering: Garlic needs consistent moisture, especially during bulb formation.
- Weed Control: Keep the area free of weeds, as they compete for nutrients and sunlight.
- Pest and Disease Management: Monitor plants for pests and diseases and take action promptly.
- Consider Raised Beds: Raised beds provide excellent drainage and allow for better soil control, which can be beneficial for late-planted garlic.
Expected Outcomes: Realistic Expectations
It’s crucial to have realistic expectations when planting garlic in June. Even with the best care, the resulting bulbs will likely be smaller than those grown from fall-planted garlic. You may not get large, individual cloves. Instead, you might get small, round bulbs called “rounds”. These are still edible and can be used in cooking. Consider the late planting a success if you harvest something.
Comparison: Fall vs. June Planting
| Feature | Fall Planting (Ideal) | June Planting (Less Ideal) |
|---|---|---|
| Timing | September/October | June |
| Vernalization | Natural, prolonged cold exposure | Limited or artificial (chilling) |
| Bulb Size | Larger | Smaller |
| Yield | Higher | Lower |
| Variety | Hardneck and Softneck | Primarily Softneck |
| Growing Season | Longer | Shorter |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I use grocery store garlic for planting in June?
While technically possible, it’s not recommended. Grocery store garlic is often treated to inhibit sprouting and may not be suited to your local climate. It also carries a higher risk of disease. It is better to purchase garlic specifically for planting from a reputable source.
How long does it take for garlic to grow?
Garlic typically takes 7-9 months from planting to harvest. Fall-planted garlic is usually harvested in late spring or early summer, while June-planted garlic will likely be ready in the late summer or early fall, depending on your climate.
What are the signs that my garlic is ready to harvest?
For June-planted garlic, harvest when the leaves begin to turn yellow and brown, but before they completely dry out. The lower leaves will begin to die back. Check a bulb to see if it has formed cloves.
How do I cure garlic after harvesting?
Curing is essential for preserving garlic and preventing rot. After harvesting, gently brush off any excess soil. Hang the plants in a well-ventilated, dry, and shady location for 2-3 weeks. The bulbs are properly cured when the necks are dry and tight, and the outer skins are papery.
What are common pests and diseases that affect garlic?
Common garlic pests include onion maggots, thrips, and nematodes. Diseases include white rot, garlic rust, and downy mildew. Practice crop rotation and use disease-resistant varieties to minimize these problems.
Can I plant garlic in containers?
Yes, garlic can be grown in containers, but the containers must be large enough to accommodate root growth. Choose a pot that is at least 12 inches deep and wide. Use a well-draining potting mix and water regularly.
What is garlic scape, and should I remove it?
Garlic scapes are the flower stalks that emerge from hardneck garlic varieties. Removing the scapes redirects the plant’s energy towards bulb development, resulting in larger bulbs. Snip the scapes off when they begin to curl. They are also edible!
How do I store garlic long-term?
Store cured garlic in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Braid the tops together or trim the roots and necks and store the bulbs loose in a mesh bag. Avoid storing garlic in the refrigerator, as it can sprout prematurely.
What are the benefits of growing my own garlic?
Growing your own garlic allows you to enjoy fresh, flavorful garlic that is free from pesticides and herbicides. You also have access to a wider variety of garlic than what is typically available in stores.
How often should I water June-planted garlic?
Water consistently, especially during dry spells. Aim for about 1 inch of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to rot.
Can I use liquid fertilizer on my garlic plants?
Yes, liquid fertilizer can be beneficial for garlic, especially during the early stages of growth. Use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10, and apply according to the package instructions. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can burn the plants.
What if my June-planted garlic doesn’t form bulbs?
If your garlic fails to bulb, it could be due to several factors, including a lack of vernalization, a short growing season, or poor soil conditions. If you get “rounds” instead of bulbs, consider them a welcome result. You may still be able to harvest the greens. Amend the soil, choose a different variety next year, or consider planting in the fall for better results.