Can You Eat Out-of-Date Eggs? Understanding Egg Safety and Expiration
Consuming eggs past their “sell-by” or “expiration” date can be risky, but it isn’t always dangerous. While freshness is always optimal, whether you can safely eat out-of-date eggs largely depends on how they were stored and a simple test for spoilage.
Understanding Egg Expiration Dates
Egg cartons typically display a “sell-by” date, which is not the same as an expiration date. This date indicates the last day the store should sell the eggs. After this date, the eggs may still be safe to eat, depending on storage and quality.
- The date on the carton refers to quality, not safety.
- Eggs can often be consumed safely several weeks past the “sell-by” date.
The Science of Egg Spoilage
Eggs spoil due to bacterial contamination, primarily Salmonella. However, spoilage can also result from other bacteria and molds. The shell acts as a barrier, but over time, it becomes more porous, allowing bacteria to enter. Proper refrigeration significantly slows this process.
- The egg shell is porous, allowing bacteria to enter.
- Refrigeration inhibits bacterial growth.
The Float Test: A Simple Safety Check
The “float test” is a reliable method for determining if an egg is safe to eat. This test works by assessing the amount of air inside the egg.
- Place the egg in a bowl of cool water.
- Observe the egg’s behavior:
- If the egg sinks and lies flat, it’s fresh.
- If the egg sinks but stands on one end, it’s still likely safe to eat, but use it soon.
- If the egg floats, it’s spoiled and should be discarded.
The floating egg indicates a large air cell, formed by moisture and carbon dioxide escaping through the shell as the egg ages. This also allows sulfurous gases to develop which will make the egg smell off.
Safe Egg Storage Practices
Proper storage is crucial for extending the shelf life of eggs. Always refrigerate eggs immediately after purchase.
- Always refrigerate eggs: Store eggs in their original carton inside the refrigerator, not on the door. The door experiences temperature fluctuations that can accelerate spoilage.
- Maintain a consistent temperature: Keep the refrigerator at or below 40°F (4°C).
- Avoid washing eggs: Washing eggs can remove the protective cuticle, making them more susceptible to bacterial contamination. (Commercially processed eggs in the US are already washed and treated.)
The Importance of Cooking Eggs Thoroughly
Even if an egg passes the float test, cooking it thoroughly is essential to kill any potential bacteria, including Salmonella.
- Cook eggs until both the yolk and white are firm.
- Avoid runny yolks or whites unless using pasteurized eggs.
Common Mistakes and Misconceptions
Several misconceptions exist regarding egg storage and safety.
- Myth: Eggs must be stored on the refrigerator door.
- Reality: The door is subject to temperature fluctuations, making it a less ideal storage location.
- Myth: All eggs past the “sell-by” date are unsafe.
- Reality: Eggs can often be safely consumed after the “sell-by” date, depending on storage and quality checks.
Table: Guide to Egg Freshness and Safety
| Egg Condition | Float Test Result | Smell Test Result | Safety | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh | Sinks flat | No off odor | Safe | Use promptly. |
| Approaching “Sell-By” | Sinks, stands end | No off odor | Likely Safe | Use within a few days and cook thoroughly. |
| Past “Sell-By” | Floats | Off odor | Unsafe | Discard immediately. |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What does “sell-by” date actually mean on an egg carton?
The “sell-by” date is the date the retailer should remove the eggs from their shelves. It’s a quality indicator, not necessarily a safety indicator. Eggs can often be consumed safely for several weeks after this date, provided they have been properly stored and pass a spoilage test.
How long can I safely keep eggs in the refrigerator?
In general, refrigerated eggs will remain safe to eat for about 3-5 weeks from the pack date, which is often located as a Julian date code on the carton. The “sell-by” date typically falls within this timeframe, but always check for signs of spoilage before consuming.
Can freezing eggs extend their shelf life?
Yes, freezing eggs can significantly extend their shelf life. However, you cannot freeze whole eggs in their shells. To freeze eggs, crack them into a container, whisk the yolks and whites together, and then freeze in airtight containers. Thawed eggs should be used promptly and cooked thoroughly.
What does it mean if an egg has a sulfuric smell?
A sulfuric smell is a strong indicator that the egg is spoiled. The smell results from bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide gas as they decompose the egg. Eggs with a sulfuric smell should be immediately discarded and never consumed.
Is it safe to eat raw eggs in things like homemade mayonnaise or Caesar salad dressing?
Eating raw or undercooked eggs poses a Salmonella risk. If you must use raw eggs, consider using pasteurized eggs, which have been treated to kill bacteria. However, it’s always safer to avoid raw eggs altogether and use pasteurized egg products in recipes that call for them.
Are brown eggs healthier or safer than white eggs?
The color of the eggshell does not affect the nutritional content or safety of the egg. The color is determined by the breed of the hen.
Is it safe to eat eggs with a cracked shell?
Eggs with cracked shells are more susceptible to bacterial contamination and should be discarded. The crack compromises the protective barrier of the shell, allowing bacteria to enter.
Does cooking eggs thoroughly eliminate the risk of Salmonella?
Yes, cooking eggs thoroughly – meaning both the yolk and white are firm – kills Salmonella bacteria. Avoid runny yolks or whites unless you are using pasteurized eggs.
What is the best way to tell if an egg has gone bad besides the float test?
In addition to the float test, you can smell the egg (cracking it first, if needed). A bad egg will have a distinctly unpleasant, sulfuric, or rotten smell. Also, check the appearance; discolored whites or yolks can also indicate spoilage.
Can I get sick from eating old eggs even if they don’t smell bad?
While a bad smell is a strong indicator of spoilage, Salmonella contamination can occur without a noticeable odor. Therefore, it is best to err on the side of caution and use the float test or discard eggs that are significantly past the “sell-by” date, even if they appear normal.
Are farm-fresh eggs safer than store-bought eggs?
Farm-fresh eggs may be perceived as fresher but are not inherently safer than store-bought eggs. The safety depends on the hen’s health, the cleanliness of the laying environment, and how the eggs are handled and stored. Store-bought eggs are typically washed and inspected, which reduces the risk of contamination.
What should I do if I accidentally ate a bad egg?
If you accidentally consumed a bad egg, monitor yourself for symptoms of food poisoning, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. If symptoms develop, seek medical attention. Stay hydrated and rest. Most cases of food poisoning resolve on their own, but medical care may be necessary in severe cases.