Can You Put EMLA Cream on a Burn? A Comprehensive Guide
The application of EMLA cream to burns is generally not recommended, especially for anything beyond superficial, minor burns. While it can provide temporary pain relief, it can also interfere with healing and potentially mask signs of infection.
Understanding EMLA Cream
EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) cream is a topical anesthetic containing lidocaine and prilocaine. It works by numbing the skin, making it useful for procedures like injections, IV insertions, and minor skin surgeries. The cream needs to be applied some time before the procedure to allow the anesthetics to penetrate the skin and take effect.
EMLA Cream: Benefits and Uses (Outside of Burns)
EMLA cream is commonly used to reduce pain associated with:
- Needle sticks (blood draws, vaccinations)
- IV insertions
- Laser hair removal
- Tattooing
- Superficial surgical procedures
Its primary benefit is providing localized pain relief without the need for systemic pain medication. However, it’s important to note that EMLA only numbs the surface of the skin.
Why EMLA Isn’t Usually Recommended for Burns
The reasons against using EMLA on burns are multifaceted:
- Impaired Healing: Anesthetics like lidocaine and prilocaine can potentially interfere with the body’s natural healing processes.
- Masking Infection: Numbing the area may prevent you from feeling the pain and tenderness associated with a developing infection, delaying necessary treatment.
- Skin Sensitivity: Burned skin is already compromised. Applying EMLA can further irritate the area and potentially exacerbate the damage.
- Lack of Proven Benefit: There’s limited research to support the widespread use of EMLA specifically for burn pain relief. Better alternatives exist.
Appropriate First-Aid for Burns
Instead of EMLA, prioritize proper burn care:
- Cool the Burn: Immediately run cool (not cold) water over the burn for 10-20 minutes.
- Clean the Burn: Gently wash the burn with mild soap and water.
- Apply Antibiotic Ointment: After cleaning, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment, such as bacitracin or neosporin (if no known allergies).
- Cover with a Sterile Dressing: Protect the burn with a loose, sterile bandage. Change the dressing daily.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain.
- Seek Medical Attention: If the burn is larger than your palm, involves the face, hands, feet, or genitals, or shows signs of infection (increased pain, redness, swelling, pus), seek immediate medical attention.
Grading Burn Severity: A Quick Overview
Understanding burn severity is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action.
| Burn Degree | Description | Appearance | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| First-Degree | Affects only the outer layer of skin (epidermis) | Red, painful, dry; no blisters | Cool water, aloe vera, over-the-counter pain relievers; typically heals in a week |
| Second-Degree | Affects the epidermis and part of the dermis | Red, blistered, swollen, and painful | Similar to first-degree, but with greater risk of infection; may require prescription cream |
| Third-Degree | Destroys the epidermis and dermis; may also damage underlying tissues | White or leathery, charred, painless (nerve damage) | Requires immediate medical attention, often skin grafts |
| Fourth-Degree | Extends beyond the skin to involve muscle, bone, and tendons | Blackened, charred, and often exposes underlying tissue | Requires immediate and extensive medical treatment |
EMLA Cream: When Might it Be Considered for Minor Burns (with Caution)
In very specific circumstances, and only under the direction of a healthcare professional, EMLA might be considered for extremely minor, superficial first-degree burns, particularly in children who are very distressed. However, it’s crucial to weigh the potential risks against the perceived benefits. Always consult with a doctor or pharmacist before using EMLA on any burn.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Applying EMLA to large or deep burns.
- Using EMLA without consulting a healthcare professional.
- Assuming EMLA is a substitute for proper burn care.
- Ignoring signs of infection after applying EMLA.
- Using EMLA on children without careful consideration of dosage and potential side effects.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I use EMLA cream on a sunburn?
EMLA cream is generally not recommended for sunburn. While it might provide temporary relief from pain, sunburn typically covers a large area, and EMLA is best suited for localized use. Furthermore, sunburn damages the skin barrier, potentially increasing the risk of EMLA being absorbed into the bloodstream. Aloe vera and other cooling lotions are generally better choices.
What are the potential side effects of using EMLA cream?
Common side effects of EMLA cream include skin irritation, redness, itching, and swelling at the application site. Rarely, more serious side effects like allergic reactions or methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder) can occur, especially with excessive use or application to large areas of skin.
How long does EMLA cream take to work?
EMLA cream typically takes 60 minutes to achieve optimal numbing. It needs to be applied with an occlusive dressing (e.g., Tegaderm) to help the anesthetic penetrate the skin effectively.
Can I use EMLA cream on a child’s burn?
Using EMLA on a child’s burn requires extra caution. Children are more susceptible to the side effects of topical anesthetics. Always consult with a pediatrician or other healthcare provider before using EMLA on a child, and strictly follow their instructions regarding dosage and application.
What is the correct way to apply EMLA cream?
Apply a thick layer of EMLA cream to the affected area. Cover the cream with an occlusive dressing (like Tegaderm) to prevent it from drying out and to enhance absorption. Leave the cream on for the recommended time (usually 60 minutes, but follow your doctor’s instructions) before removing the dressing and wiping away the excess cream.
Is there a maximum amount of EMLA cream I can use?
Yes. It’s important to limit the amount of EMLA cream used, especially in children. Consult with a healthcare professional for guidance on the appropriate dosage based on your individual circumstances. Exceeding the recommended dosage can increase the risk of side effects.
What should I do if I experience side effects from EMLA cream?
If you experience any unusual or concerning side effects after using EMLA cream, such as difficulty breathing, dizziness, or severe skin reactions, remove the cream immediately, and seek immediate medical attention.
Can EMLA cream interact with other medications?
EMLA cream can interact with certain medications, particularly those that affect the heart or blood. It’s important to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, before using EMLA cream.
What are some alternatives to EMLA cream for pain relief from minor burns?
For minor burns, consider using over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Applying a cool compress or aloe vera gel can also help soothe the burn and reduce pain.
How do I know if a burn is serious enough to require medical attention?
A burn requires medical attention if it is larger than your palm, involves the face, hands, feet, genitals, or major joints, is deep (third-degree or higher), or shows signs of infection (increased pain, redness, swelling, pus).
Is it safe to use EMLA cream on broken skin or open wounds?
Using EMLA cream on broken skin or open wounds is generally not recommended because it can increase the risk of systemic absorption and potential side effects. Stick to intact skin only.
Where should I store EMLA cream?
Store EMLA cream at room temperature, away from heat and direct sunlight. Keep it out of reach of children and pets. Make sure the tube is tightly closed when not in use.