Do You Need Two Persimmon Trees to Produce Fruit?
No, not necessarily. Many common persimmon varieties are self-pollinating, meaning they can produce fruit with just one tree. However, some varieties require a pollinator – another persimmon tree of a compatible variety – for optimal fruit production.
Understanding Persimmon Pollination
The question of whether you need two persimmon trees hinges primarily on the variety you’re growing. Persimmons fall into two main categories regarding pollination: parthenocarpic (self-fruitful) and non-parthenocarpic (requiring pollination).
Self-Fruitful (Parthenocarpic) Varieties
Parthenocarpic persimmon trees are capable of producing fruit without fertilization. This means that even without pollen from another tree, they will still develop fruit. However, the fruit produced may be seedless or contain fewer seeds than fruit from pollinated trees. Popular self-fruitful varieties include:
- Fuyu: A non-astringent variety widely grown for its sweet, crisp fruit that can be eaten while still firm.
- Jiro: Another popular non-astringent variety known for its blocky shape and excellent flavor.
- Ichi Ki Kei Jiro: A Japanese variety that is known for being self-fruitful and producing good yields.
These varieties are a great choice for gardeners who only have space for a single tree or who live in areas where other persimmon trees are not readily available.
Pollination-Dependent Varieties
Other persimmon varieties are pollination-dependent, meaning they require pollen from a different variety to produce a good crop of fruit. Without proper pollination, these trees may produce little to no fruit, or the fruit that does develop may be small and of poor quality. A classic example is:
- Hachiya: A popular astringent variety. While some Hachiya trees are partially self-fruitful, fruit set is greatly increased with cross-pollination.
To ensure proper pollination for these varieties, you’ll need to plant at least two different persimmon trees that are compatible pollinators.
Choosing the Right Pollinator
Choosing a compatible pollinator is crucial for maximizing fruit production. Not all persimmon varieties are compatible, so it’s important to do your research before planting. Here are a few things to consider:
- Bloom time: The pollinator variety needs to bloom at the same time as the main variety to ensure that pollen is available when the female flowers are receptive.
- Variety compatibility: Some varieties are better pollinators for specific types than others. Local nurseries or cooperative extension services can provide guidance on compatible pairings.
- Chilling hours: Ensure the varieties have similar chilling hour requirements so they both break dormancy and bloom at the same time in your region.
Benefits of Pollination
Even self-fruitful persimmon varieties can benefit from cross-pollination. While they will still produce fruit without it, cross-pollination can lead to:
- Larger fruit size: Fruit that is pollinated tends to be larger and more robust.
- More seeds: While some people prefer seedless fruit, seeds can sometimes contribute to the overall flavor and texture.
- Increased fruit set: Cross-pollination can help to ensure a more consistent and abundant crop each year.
Planting and Care
Whether you’re planting one tree or two, the planting and care of persimmon trees is generally the same.
- Sunlight: Persimmon trees need at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Soil: They prefer well-drained soil that is slightly acidic.
- Watering: Water regularly, especially during the first few years after planting.
- Fertilizing: Fertilize in the spring with a balanced fertilizer.
- Pruning: Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the tree.
Common Mistakes
- Assuming all persimmons are self-fruitful: This is a common misconception that can lead to disappointment if you’re growing a pollination-dependent variety.
- Planting incompatible varieties: Make sure the varieties you choose are compatible pollinators and bloom at the same time.
- Poor planting practices: Ensure proper planting depth and soil preparation to give your trees the best start.
- Ignoring chilling hour requirements: Failure to match the chilling hour needs of a cultivar to your region can result in poor flowering and fruiting.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between astringent and non-astringent persimmons?
Astringent persimmons contain high levels of tannins when unripe, causing a puckering sensation in the mouth. They need to be completely soft before eating. Non-astringent persimmons, on the other hand, can be eaten while still firm, like an apple.
How do I tell if my persimmon tree is self-fruitful or requires pollination?
The best way is to identify the specific variety you’re growing and research its pollination requirements. Local nurseries or cooperative extension services can help with identification and provide information about specific varieties. Keep records of your tree when you purchase it!
How far apart should I plant two persimmon trees for pollination?
For optimal pollination, plant the trees within 20-50 feet of each other. This will ensure that bees and other pollinators can easily transfer pollen between the trees.
What if I only have room for one persimmon tree?
Choose a self-fruitful variety like Fuyu or Jiro. Alternatively, you could graft a branch of a compatible pollinator onto your existing tree.
Do I need to hand-pollinate my persimmon trees?
Generally, hand-pollination is not necessary for persimmon trees. Bees and other insects are usually sufficient for transferring pollen. However, if you have a very small yard or a limited number of pollinators, hand-pollination can help to improve fruit set.
When do persimmon trees typically bloom?
Persimmon trees typically bloom in the late spring or early summer, after the danger of frost has passed. Specific bloom times will vary depending on the variety and your local climate.
How long does it take for a persimmon tree to produce fruit?
Persimmon trees typically start producing fruit within 3-6 years after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
What are the best fertilizers for persimmon trees?
Use a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in the spring. You can also amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve its fertility.
How do I protect my persimmon trees from pests and diseases?
Persimmon trees are generally relatively pest- and disease-resistant. However, they can be susceptible to problems like persimmon psyllid, persimmon borer, and leaf spot. Monitor your trees regularly and take appropriate action if you notice any problems. Good horticultural practices promote tree health.
Can I grow persimmons in a container?
Yes, you can grow persimmons in a container, but you’ll need to choose a dwarf variety and use a large container with good drainage. Container-grown persimmons will require more frequent watering and fertilizing than those grown in the ground.
How do I know when persimmons are ripe?
The ripeness of persimmons depends on the variety. Astringent varieties should be very soft to the touch before eating. Non-astringent varieties can be eaten while still firm. The color should also be a deep orange or reddish-orange.
Are there any native persimmon varieties I should consider?
Yes, the American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) is native to the eastern United States. It is a hardy and adaptable tree that produces sweet, flavorful fruit. There are several cultivars of the American persimmon available.