How to Grow Arugula: A Comprehensive Guide
Growing arugula is relatively simple. It involves direct sowing seeds in well-draining soil, ensuring consistent moisture, and harvesting frequently to encourage continued growth and prevent bitterness. Full sun and cool temperatures are crucial for optimal flavor.
Arugula: The Zesty Green
Arugula, also known as rocket, is a peppery green that adds a delightful bite to salads, pizzas, and pestos. Its unique flavor profile and ease of cultivation have made it a popular choice for home gardeners and commercial growers alike. This comprehensive guide will equip you with all the knowledge you need to successfully grow your own supply of this versatile leafy vegetable.
Understanding Arugula
Arugula (Eruca sativa) belongs to the Brassicaceae family, which also includes broccoli, kale, and cabbage. It’s native to the Mediterranean region and has been cultivated for centuries. Arugula is a fast-growing annual, typically reaching maturity in just a few weeks.
Benefits of Growing Your Own Arugula
Growing your own arugula offers numerous benefits:
- Freshness: Enjoy the freshest, most flavorful arugula, harvested right from your garden.
- Cost Savings: Reduce your grocery bills by growing your own supply.
- Control Over Inputs: Avoid pesticides and herbicides by growing organically.
- Variety: Explore different arugula varieties with varying degrees of spiciness.
- Sustainability: Reduce your carbon footprint by sourcing your food locally.
Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Arugula
Here’s a step-by-step guide to successfully growing arugula:
- Choose a Location: Select a location with full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) or partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Arugula prefers cooler temperatures (60-70°F or 15-21°C).
- Prepare the Soil: Arugula thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Amend the soil with compost or aged manure to improve fertility and drainage. The ideal soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0.
- Sow the Seeds: Arugula is typically grown from seed. Direct sow the seeds 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows spaced 6 inches apart. You can also broadcast the seeds over a larger area.
- Water Regularly: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during germination and early growth. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
- Thin Seedlings: Once the seedlings emerge, thin them to 2-3 inches apart. This will allow them to grow larger and prevent overcrowding.
- Fertilize (Optional): Arugula doesn’t require heavy fertilization. However, you can apply a balanced organic fertilizer every few weeks to boost growth.
- Harvest: Harvest arugula leaves when they are 2-4 inches long. Cut the leaves close to the base of the plant, leaving the crown intact so it can continue to produce more leaves. Regular harvesting encourages continuous growth and prevents the leaves from becoming bitter.
Common Arugula Growing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
| Mistake | Solution |
|---|---|
| Planting in Hot Weather | Plant in early spring or late summer for cooler temperatures. Provide shade during hot afternoons. |
| Insufficient Watering | Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture. |
| Overcrowding | Thin seedlings to allow for adequate spacing. |
| Letting Plants Bolt (Flower) | Harvest frequently to prevent bolting. Consider planting bolt-resistant varieties. |
| Ignoring Pests & Diseases | Monitor plants regularly for pests and diseases. Use organic pest control methods. Ensure good air circulation. |
Harvesting and Storage
Harvest arugula regularly by cutting the outer leaves. This encourages continued production. Harvesting in the morning ensures the leaves are at their freshest. Arugula leaves are delicate and should be stored in the refrigerator in a plastic bag for up to a week.
Enjoying Your Harvest
Arugula is incredibly versatile. Add it to salads, sandwiches, pizzas, and pestos. You can also sauté it with garlic and olive oil for a simple and delicious side dish.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Growing Arugula
1. What is bolting and how can I prevent it?
Bolting refers to when a plant prematurely flowers, often in response to heat stress. This causes the leaves to become bitter. To prevent bolting, plant arugula in the cooler seasons (spring or fall), provide shade during hot afternoons, and harvest frequently. Bolt-resistant varieties are also available.
2. What are some common pests and diseases that affect arugula?
Common pests include flea beetles, aphids, and cabbage worms. Diseases include damping-off and powdery mildew. Control pests with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Ensure good air circulation to prevent diseases.
3. Can I grow arugula in containers?
Yes, arugula is well-suited for container gardening. Use a well-draining potting mix and choose a container that is at least 6 inches deep. Place the container in a sunny location.
4. How often should I water arugula?
Water arugula regularly, especially during dry periods. The soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged. Check the soil moisture by sticking your finger into the soil. If the top inch feels dry, it’s time to water.
5. What is the best way to fertilize arugula?
Arugula doesn’t require heavy fertilization. However, you can apply a balanced organic fertilizer every few weeks to boost growth. Alternatively, you can amend the soil with compost or aged manure before planting.
6. How long does it take for arugula to germinate?
Arugula seeds typically germinate within 3-7 days, depending on the temperature and moisture levels.
7. Can I save seeds from my arugula plants?
Yes, you can save seeds from arugula plants, but be aware that it’s prone to cross-pollination. Allow a few plants to bolt and flower. Once the seed pods are dry and brown, collect them and extract the seeds. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place.
8. What are some different varieties of arugula?
There are several varieties of arugula, including:
- Common arugula: The standard variety with a peppery flavor.
- Sylvetta arugula (wild arugula): A more intense, spicier flavor.
- Slow Bolt arugula: A variety that is more resistant to bolting.
- Italian Cress: Possesses similar flavor profile as arugula
9. How can I tell when arugula is ready to harvest?
Arugula is ready to harvest when the leaves are 2-4 inches long. The flavor will be milder when the leaves are younger and more intense as they mature.
10. My arugula leaves are bitter. What could be the cause?
Bitter arugula leaves can be caused by several factors, including heat stress, insufficient watering, and bolting. Harvest frequently to prevent bolting and ensure adequate watering.
11. Can I grow arugula indoors?
Yes, you can grow arugula indoors under grow lights. Provide at least 6 hours of light per day and maintain a cool temperature.
12. What is the shelf life of harvested arugula?
Harvested arugula will last for up to a week in the refrigerator if stored properly. Place the leaves in a plastic bag and store them in the crisper drawer.