How Long Does Cheese Stay Good? Understanding Spoilage and Shelf Life
The shelf life of cheese varies drastically depending on the type, storage conditions, and whether it’s opened or unopened. Generally speaking, hard cheeses last significantly longer than soft cheeses; however, proper storage is crucial for all varieties.
The Wonderful World of Cheese & Time
Cheese, a beloved culinary staple around the globe, boasts an astonishing variety. From the sharp tang of aged cheddar to the creamy richness of brie, each cheese offers a unique flavor profile and texture. Understanding how long cheese remains safe and enjoyable to eat is essential for reducing waste and ensuring food safety. This isn’t just about avoiding unpleasant flavors; consuming spoiled cheese can lead to gastrointestinal distress.
Factors Influencing Cheese Shelf Life
Several factors determine how long a cheese will remain fresh and palatable:
Type of Cheese: This is the most significant factor. Hard cheeses like Parmesan and aged cheddar have lower moisture content and a denser structure, making them less susceptible to bacterial growth. Soft cheeses, like ricotta and mozzarella, are more vulnerable.
Storage Conditions: Refrigeration is paramount. The ideal temperature for storing cheese is between 35°F and 45°F (2°C and 7°C). Temperature fluctuations can accelerate spoilage.
Packaging: Proper packaging helps to maintain the cheese’s moisture level and prevent contamination. Vacuum-sealed packaging offers the best protection, while plastic wrap allows for some air exchange, which can be beneficial for certain cheeses.
Whether it’s Opened: Once a cheese is cut, it’s exposed to air and bacteria, significantly reducing its shelf life. Pre-cut cheeses have a shorter lifespan than whole blocks.
Pasteurization: Pasteurized cheeses generally last longer than those made with raw milk, due to the elimination of harmful bacteria during the pasteurization process.
Cheese Shelf Life: A General Guide
It’s important to note that these are just guidelines. Always use your senses – sight, smell, and texture – to determine if a cheese is safe to eat.
| Type of Cheese | Unopened (Refrigerated) | Opened (Refrigerated) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hard Cheeses (Parmesan, Cheddar) | 2-4 Months | 3-6 Weeks | May develop mold on the surface that can be cut away. |
| Semi-Hard Cheeses (Gouda, Gruyere) | 2-3 Months | 2-3 Weeks | Similar to hard cheeses, mold can often be trimmed. |
| Soft Cheeses (Brie, Camembert) | 2-4 Weeks | 1-2 Weeks | More prone to spoilage. Discard if you see significant mold growth or a sour odor. |
| Fresh Cheeses (Ricotta, Mozzarella) | 1-2 Weeks | 3-5 Days | Very perishable. Consume quickly. |
| Processed Cheeses (American Slices) | 2-4 Months | 2-3 Weeks | Contain preservatives that extend their shelf life. |
Recognizing Spoilage: Signs to Watch Out For
Even within the recommended timeframes, cheese can spoil if not stored properly. Here are some signs to look for:
Visible Mold: While some cheeses have mold as part of their character, the appearance of unexpected or extensive mold growth is a warning sign.
Unusual Odor: A strong ammonia-like or sour smell indicates bacterial activity and spoilage.
Change in Texture: A slimy or excessively hard and dry texture suggests the cheese is past its prime.
Discoloration: Any significant change in color, such as browning or yellowing, can indicate spoilage.
Proper Storage Techniques for Cheese
Storing cheese correctly is paramount to extending its shelf life and preserving its flavor.
Refrigeration is Key: Store cheese in the coldest part of your refrigerator, typically the crisper drawer or a dedicated cheese drawer.
Wrap it Right: Re-wrap cheese tightly after each use. Use parchment paper or cheese paper, followed by plastic wrap or a reusable container.
Avoid Cross-Contamination: Store cheese away from strong-smelling foods to prevent flavor absorption.
Freeze with Caution: Freezing cheese can alter its texture, making it crumbly. However, hard cheeses can be frozen for extended storage if properly wrapped.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cheese Shelf Life
1. Can I eat cheese that has mold on it?
The answer depends on the type of cheese. With hard cheeses like cheddar, you can often cut away the mold (at least an inch around the affected area) and eat the remaining cheese safely. Soft cheeses with mold, on the other hand, should be discarded.
2. How long does cheese last in the freezer?
Hard cheeses can be frozen for up to 6 months, but the texture will likely change, becoming more crumbly. Soft cheeses are not suitable for freezing, as they will become watery and lose their texture.
3. Is it safe to eat cheese that has passed its “best by” date?
“Best by” dates are indicators of quality, not safety. Cheese may still be safe to eat after the “best by” date, provided it has been stored properly and shows no signs of spoilage.
4. What is the white coating on some aged cheeses?
The white coating often found on aged cheeses like cheddar is usually calcium lactate crystals. These are harmless and indicate proper aging.
5. How can I prevent my cheese from drying out?
To prevent cheese from drying out, wrap it tightly in parchment paper or cheese paper before storing it in plastic wrap or a reusable container. This allows the cheese to breathe while maintaining moisture.
6. Can I freeze shredded cheese?
Yes, you can freeze shredded cheese. To prevent clumping, toss it with a little cornstarch before freezing. However, the texture may be slightly altered upon thawing. Use within 1-2 months.
7. How do I properly store fresh mozzarella?
Fresh mozzarella is best stored in its original brine in the refrigerator. Change the brine every few days to maintain freshness.
8. What is the best way to thaw frozen cheese?
Thaw frozen cheese slowly in the refrigerator for several hours or overnight. This helps to minimize texture changes.
9. Why does some cheese sweat when it’s left out at room temperature?
Sweating, or the appearance of oily droplets on the surface of cheese, occurs when the cheese warms up and releases its fat content. This is generally harmless, but prolonged exposure to room temperature can promote bacterial growth.
10. How can I tell if a cheese is truly spoiled, even if it’s within its “best by” date?
Trust your senses! If the cheese has an unpleasant odor, visible mold, or a slimy texture, it’s best to discard it, regardless of the date on the packaging.
11. Does vacuum-sealed cheese last longer?
Yes, vacuum-sealed cheese typically lasts longer because it minimizes exposure to air and prevents the growth of spoilage bacteria.
12. Can I eat the rind of cheese?
Whether or not you can eat the rind of cheese depends on the type of cheese. Natural rinds, like those found on Brie and Camembert, are generally edible. Artificial rinds, such as those coated in wax, should be removed before eating. When in doubt, remove the rind.