How to Collect Seeds from Verbena: A Step-by-Step Guide
Collecting verbena seeds involves allowing the seed heads to dry completely on the plant, then carefully extracting the seeds. Allow for complete drying to ensure seed viability. Properly stored, these seeds can be used to propagate new verbena plants in subsequent seasons.
Understanding Verbena and Seed Collection
Verbena, with its vibrant clusters of tiny flowers, is a popular choice for gardens and containers. Collecting seeds from your verbena plants allows you to propagate your favorite varieties and enjoy their beauty year after year without purchasing new plants. However, successful seed collection requires understanding when and how to harvest.
Benefits of Collecting Verbena Seeds
Collecting seeds offers several advantages:
- Cost Savings: Avoid buying new plants each year.
- Preservation of Favorites: Maintain unique varieties you adore.
- Control Over Propagation: Allows you to start plants when and where you choose.
- Genetic Diversity: If you have multiple verbena varieties, cross-pollination can result in unique hybrids (though their traits may not be predictable).
Identifying Mature Verbena Seed Heads
Knowing when to harvest is crucial. Immature seeds won’t germinate. Mature seed heads are:
- Dry and Brown: The green color of the plant fades, replaced by brown or tan.
- Brittle: The seed head should easily crumble when touched.
- Containing Dark Seeds: Seeds should be dark brown or black, and firm to the touch. Green or pale seeds are immature.
The Verbena Seed Collection Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Here’s a simple guide to collecting verbena seeds:
- Choose the Right Time: Harvest on a dry day in late summer or early fall, after the flowers have faded and the seed heads are completely dry.
- Prepare Your Supplies: Gather small paper bags or envelopes, scissors or pruning shears, and a clean, dry surface.
- Cut the Seed Heads: Carefully cut the dried seed heads from the plant, avoiding unnecessary disturbance.
- Extract the Seeds: Gently rub the seed heads between your fingers or over a fine-mesh sieve to release the seeds. You may also need to carefully crack open the seed heads.
- Clean the Seeds: Remove any debris, such as dried leaves or stems. A gentle blowing motion or a fine sieve can help with this.
- Dry the Seeds: Spread the seeds on a clean, dry surface for a few days to ensure they are completely dry.
- Store the Seeds: Place the dried seeds in a labeled paper envelope or airtight container. Store in a cool, dark, and dry place. A refrigerator is ideal.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Avoid these pitfalls for successful seed collection:
- Harvesting Too Early: Immature seeds won’t germinate. Patience is key.
- Collecting Damp Seeds: Moisture promotes mold and decay.
- Improper Storage: Warm, humid conditions degrade seed viability.
- Cross-Pollination: If you collect seeds from hybrid verbena, the resulting plants may not be identical to the parent plant.
- Ignoring Seed Head Condition: Only select fully dried and brown seed heads.
Verbena Seed Viability and Germination Rates
Verbena seeds can remain viable for several years if stored properly. However, germination rates tend to decrease over time. Expect germination rates between 50% and 80% with fresh, properly stored seeds. To increase germination success, consider scarifying the seeds (lightly scratching the seed coat) or cold stratifying them (refrigerating them in a moist medium) before planting.
Tools and Materials
Here’s a summary of essential tools and materials:
| Item | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Scissors/Pruning Shears | Cutting seed heads from the plant. |
| Paper Bags/Envelopes | Collecting and storing seed heads and seeds. |
| Fine-Mesh Sieve | Separating seeds from debris. |
| Clean, Dry Surface | Drying seeds. |
| Airtight Container | Long-term seed storage. |
| Marker | Labeling seed containers. |
Verbena Species and Seed Collection Differences
While the general process is the same, there might be slight variations depending on the specific Verbena species. Some species might have smaller seeds, requiring a finer mesh sieve for cleaning. It’s always a good idea to research the specific requirements of your verbena variety.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the best time of day to collect verbena seeds?
The best time to collect is during the dryest part of the day, typically mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Avoid collecting after rain or when dew is present, as moisture can damage the seeds.
How do I know if my verbena seeds are viable?
You can perform a simple viability test. Place a small number of seeds between two moist paper towels, seal them in a plastic bag, and keep them in a warm place. Check them after a week or two. If most of the seeds sprout, then your seeds are likely viable. This method does not guarantee 100% germination.
Can I collect seeds from any type of verbena?
Yes, you can collect seeds from most types of verbena. However, seeds from hybrid varieties may not produce plants that are identical to the parent plant.
How long do verbena seeds last?
Verbena seeds can remain viable for several years if stored properly. Expect the best germination rates within 1-2 years.
Do I need to soak verbena seeds before planting?
Soaking verbena seeds is not usually necessary, but some gardeners find it helpful. If you choose to soak them, do so for only 12-24 hours.
Why aren’t my verbena seeds germinating?
Several factors can contribute to poor germination, including using old seeds, planting too deeply, overwatering, or underwatering. Ensure that the seeds are fresh, planted at the correct depth, and kept consistently moist but not waterlogged.
How do I deal with mold on my seeds?
If you notice mold growing on your seeds, discard them. Mold indicates that the seeds were not properly dried or stored.
What temperature is best for storing verbena seeds?
The best temperature for storing verbena seeds is between 32°F and 41°F (0°C and 5°C). A refrigerator is an ideal storage location.
How deep should I plant verbena seeds?
Verbena seeds should be planted at a depth of about 1/8 inch (3 mm). They need light to germinate.
Can I collect seeds from verbena growing in pots?
Yes, you can collect seeds from verbena growing in pots, as long as the seed heads are allowed to dry completely on the plant.
What if my verbena doesn’t produce seed heads?
Some verbena varieties are sterile and won’t produce seed heads. In these cases, you will need to propagate them using cuttings. Check variety information before planting.
Do verbena seeds need light to germinate?
Yes, verbena seeds require light to germinate. Therefore, they should be sown on the surface of the soil or very lightly covered.
By following these guidelines, you can successfully collect and store verbena seeds, ensuring a vibrant garden for years to come.