How to Plant Yarrow Seeds: A Comprehensive Guide
Planting yarrow seeds successfully involves surface sowing in a well-draining seed-starting mix and ensuring consistent moisture until germination; then, transplant seedlings to a sunny location with average soil conditions for optimal growth and flowering.
Understanding Yarrow: A Garden Staple
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a resilient and versatile perennial known for its feathery foliage and vibrant flower clusters. Native to Europe and Asia, it has naturalized across North America and is prized for its low-maintenance nature, long blooming season, and numerous benefits. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, yarrow is an excellent addition to your landscape.
Benefits of Growing Yarrow
Yarrow offers a multitude of benefits, making it a worthwhile addition to any garden:
- Attracts Pollinators: Yarrow flowers are magnets for beneficial insects like butterflies, bees, and ladybugs, helping to support a healthy garden ecosystem.
- Drought Tolerance: Once established, yarrow is remarkably drought-tolerant, requiring minimal watering, especially in well-drained soil.
- Soil Improvement: Yarrow has a deep root system that helps to break up compacted soil and improve drainage.
- Medicinal Properties: Historically, yarrow has been used for its medicinal properties, including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects. (Consult a healthcare professional before using yarrow medicinally.)
- Cut Flowers: Yarrow flowers are excellent for cutting and drying, adding beauty and color to indoor arrangements.
Planting Yarrow Seeds: A Step-by-Step Guide
Successfully planting yarrow seeds requires careful attention to detail. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
- Gather Your Materials:
- Yarrow seeds
- Seed-starting trays or pots
- Seed-starting mix (well-draining)
- Spray bottle or watering can with a fine rose
- Clear plastic cover or humidity dome (optional)
- Grow lights (optional)
- Prepare the Seed-Starting Trays: Fill the trays or pots with a high-quality seed-starting mix. Gently firm the soil surface.
- Sow the Seeds: Yarrow seeds require light to germinate, so surface sow them. Sprinkle the seeds evenly over the soil surface. Do not cover them with soil.
- Moisten the Soil: Gently mist the soil surface with a spray bottle or watering can. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to fungal diseases.
- Maintain Humidity: Cover the trays or pots with a clear plastic cover or humidity dome to maintain consistent moisture. This is especially important during the germination phase.
- Provide Light: Place the trays or pots in a location with bright, indirect light. If using grow lights, position them a few inches above the soil surface.
- Monitor and Water: Check the soil moisture daily. Mist with water as needed to keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
- Germination: Yarrow seeds typically germinate within 10-14 days. Remove the plastic cover or humidity dome once seedlings emerge.
- Thin Seedlings: Once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves, thin them to allow for proper spacing.
- Harden Off: Before transplanting the seedlings outdoors, gradually acclimate them to outdoor conditions by hardening them off. Start by placing them in a sheltered location for a few hours each day, gradually increasing the exposure over a week or two.
Transplanting Yarrow Seedlings
Once the seedlings have been hardened off and the risk of frost has passed, transplant them into your garden.
- Choose a Location: Select a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. Yarrow prefers well-drained soil.
- Prepare the Soil: Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
- Plant the Seedlings: Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of each seedling. Gently remove the seedling from the tray or pot and place it in the hole. Backfill with soil and gently firm around the base of the plant. Space plants 12-18 inches apart.
- Water Thoroughly: Water the transplanted seedlings thoroughly after planting.
- Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Several common mistakes can hinder the successful germination and growth of yarrow seeds.
- Covering Seeds: Covering yarrow seeds with soil will prevent them from receiving the light they need to germinate.
- Overwatering: Overwatering can lead to fungal diseases and rot, especially in the early stages of growth.
- Insufficient Light: Insufficient light can result in leggy and weak seedlings.
- Transplanting Too Early: Transplanting seedlings outdoors before they have been properly hardened off can result in transplant shock.
- Poor Soil Drainage: Yarrow requires well-drained soil. Planting in heavy clay soil can lead to root rot.
Yarrow Varieties
Different varieties of Yarrow present different colors and forms.
| Variety | Flower Color | Height (inches) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ‘Moonshine’ | Lemon Yellow | 18-24 | Popular for its bright color and long bloom time. |
| ‘Strawberry Seduction’ | Deep Red | 18-24 | Turns to rose and then blush pink as blooms age. |
| ‘Paprika’ | Orange-Red | 24-30 | Vibrant color; attracts butterflies. |
| ‘Walter Funcke’ | Rusty Red to Yellow | 18-24 | Color changes as the blooms age. |
| ‘Colorado’ | Mix of pastel colors | 18-24 | A blend of cream, pink, yellow, and peach hues. |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the best time of year to plant yarrow seeds?
The best time to plant yarrow seeds is in early spring, about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost. You can also start them indoors in late winter. In regions with mild winters, fall sowing is also an option.
Do yarrow seeds need stratification?
While not strictly necessary, cold stratification can improve germination rates, especially for older seeds. To stratify, place the seeds in a damp paper towel inside a plastic bag and refrigerate for 2-4 weeks before sowing.
How much sunlight does yarrow need?
Yarrow thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Insufficient sunlight can lead to leggy growth and reduced flowering.
What type of soil is best for yarrow?
Yarrow prefers well-drained soil that is not overly fertile. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and even slightly rocky soils.
How often should I water yarrow?
Once established, yarrow is relatively drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.
Does yarrow need fertilizer?
Yarrow generally does not require fertilization, especially when grown in average soil. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering. If desired, apply a light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring.
How do I prevent yarrow from spreading too aggressively?
Yarrow can spread through rhizomes, so it’s important to monitor its growth. You can contain its spread by planting it in a container or using barriers to prevent the rhizomes from spreading. Deadheading spent flowers can also help to prevent self-seeding.
What are some common pests and diseases of yarrow?
Yarrow is generally pest- and disease-resistant. However, it can occasionally be affected by powdery mildew or aphids. Ensure good air circulation to prevent mildew, and treat aphids with insecticidal soap.
Can I grow yarrow in a container?
Yes, yarrow can be successfully grown in a container. Choose a large container with drainage holes and use a well-draining potting mix. Water regularly, especially during hot, dry weather.
How do I deadhead yarrow?
Deadheading yarrow involves removing the spent flower heads to encourage continued blooming. Simply snip off the flower stems just below the spent flowers.
When does yarrow flower?
Yarrow typically flowers from late spring to late summer, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Is yarrow deer-resistant?
Yes, yarrow is generally deer-resistant, making it a good choice for gardens in areas with deer pressure. However, deer may occasionally browse on yarrow if other food sources are scarce.