Evaporated Milk vs. Heavy Cream: Are They the Same Thing?
No, evaporated milk and heavy cream are not the same. While both are dairy products, they have significantly different fat contents and processing methods, resulting in distinct uses in cooking and baking. Evaporated milk is milk that has had about 60% of its water removed, while heavy cream is the high-fat part of fresh milk.
Understanding the Basics: What are Evaporated Milk and Heavy Cream?
Evaporated milk and heavy cream, both staples in many kitchens, often cause confusion due to their creamy appearance and common use in recipes. However, their origins and properties are quite different, leading to varied applications in culinary arts.
The Essence of Evaporated Milk
Evaporated milk, also known as unsweetened condensed milk, begins as fresh milk. The key difference lies in the manufacturing process.
- The Process: Milk is heated to remove approximately 60% of its water content.
- Result: A concentrated milk product with a slightly cooked flavor and a thicker consistency.
- Packaging: Typically sold in cans and has a long shelf life.
Delving into Heavy Cream
Heavy cream, also known as heavy whipping cream, is derived from the fat-rich layer skimmed off the top of fresh milk.
- The Process: Separation of the cream from the milk using centrifugal force or gravity separation.
- Fat Content: Generally contains at least 36% milk fat.
- Use: Primarily used for whipping, adding richness to sauces, and incorporating into desserts.
Comparing Fat Content and Nutritional Value
The fat content is the most significant differentiator between evaporated milk and heavy cream.
| Feature | Evaporated Milk (per cup) | Heavy Cream (per cup) |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 340 | 821 |
| Fat | 19g | 88g |
| Protein | 17g | 7g |
| Calcium | 60% DV | 20% DV |
Culinary Applications: Where Each Shines
Due to their different fat contents and consistencies, evaporated milk and heavy cream excel in distinct culinary applications.
- Evaporated Milk:
- Baking: Adds moisture and richness to pies, cakes, and custards.
- Sauces: Provides a creamy texture without excessive fat.
- Coffee: A lower-fat alternative to cream or half-and-half.
- Heavy Cream:
- Whipping: Creates stable whipped cream for desserts and toppings.
- Sauces: Adds richness and thickness to pasta sauces, soups, and gravies.
- Coffee: Provides a luxurious, creamy flavor.
- Ganache: Essential for making smooth and decadent ganache.
Common Mistakes and Substitutions
While they’re not interchangeable in all recipes, some substitutions are possible with adjustments.
- Substituting Evaporated Milk for Heavy Cream:
- May result in a less rich and less stable whipped topping.
- Works best in recipes where heavy cream provides moisture rather than structure.
- Substituting Heavy Cream for Evaporated Milk:
- Can lead to a richer and potentially heavier end product.
- May need to reduce the amount of butter or other fats in the recipe.
Storage and Shelf Life
- Evaporated Milk: Unopened cans have a long shelf life, typically several months or even years. Once opened, refrigerate and use within a week.
- Heavy Cream: Refrigerate immediately after purchase and use within a week of opening. Freezing is possible, but can affect the texture.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I whip evaporated milk like heavy cream?
No, evaporated milk generally cannot be whipped in the same way as heavy cream. The high fat content of heavy cream is essential for creating stable whipped cream. While some recipes suggest freezing evaporated milk beforehand and whipping it, the results are typically less satisfactory.
Is evaporated milk healthier than heavy cream?
In terms of calories and fat, evaporated milk is generally a healthier option than heavy cream. It contains less fat and fewer calories per serving. However, heavy cream provides a rich flavor that may allow you to use less overall. It depends on the recipe and desired outcome.
Can I use evaporated milk in my coffee?
Yes, evaporated milk can be used in coffee as a lower-fat alternative to cream or half-and-half. It adds a subtle richness and creaminess, though it may not be as luxurious as heavy cream.
What is the difference between evaporated milk and condensed milk?
The key difference is that condensed milk is sweetened, while evaporated milk is unsweetened. Condensed milk contains a significant amount of added sugar, making it ideal for desserts like key lime pie.
How long does evaporated milk last after opening?
Once opened, evaporated milk should be refrigerated and used within a week. Always check for signs of spoilage, such as off-odor or discoloration.
Can I freeze evaporated milk?
While you can freeze evaporated milk, the texture may change upon thawing, becoming slightly grainy. It’s best used in cooked dishes after thawing, where the texture change is less noticeable.
What if my recipe calls for heavy whipping cream but I only have evaporated milk?
While not a perfect substitute, you can try using evaporated milk with a tablespoon of melted butter per cup to add some of the missing fat. Be aware that the end result may be different.
Can I make my own evaporated milk at home?
Yes, you can make evaporated milk at home by gently simmering milk on the stovetop until it reduces in volume by about 60%. Be careful not to burn the milk.
Is there a vegan substitute for evaporated milk?
Yes, there are several vegan substitutes for evaporated milk, typically made from soy, almond, or coconut milk. Look for products specifically labeled as “evaporated” or “condensed” vegan milk.
Can I use evaporated milk in place of milk in baking?
Yes, you can generally substitute evaporated milk for milk in baking at a 1:1 ratio. However, be aware that the final product may be slightly richer and denser.
Does evaporated milk contain lactose?
Yes, unless specifically labeled as lactose-free, evaporated milk contains lactose as it is derived from cow’s milk. Lactose-free options are available.
What are the best brands of evaporated milk?
Some popular and well-regarded brands of evaporated milk include Carnation, Nestle, and Great Value (Walmart’s store brand). The best brand often depends on personal preference and availability.