Washing Soda vs. Baking Soda: What’s the Real Difference?
Washing soda and baking soda are not the same. Washing soda, also known as sodium carbonate, is significantly more alkaline than baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, and has entirely different cleaning and chemical properties. Never substitute one for the other in recipes, as it can be dangerous.
Introduction: Beyond the White Powder
Many consumers confuse baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and washing soda (sodium carbonate) due to their similar appearance and applications in household cleaning. However, understanding their distinct chemical compositions and properties is crucial for safe and effective use. Both are alkaline compounds used for various cleaning and odor-reducing tasks, but their differing strengths and chemical reactions make them suitable for very different applications. Using the wrong one can lead to ineffective cleaning or even damage to surfaces or food.
Baking Soda: The Milder Multi-Tasker
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate – NaHCO3) is a mild alkali known for its versatile applications. It’s a common ingredient in baking, acting as a leavening agent that reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide, which causes dough to rise. It also finds use as a gentle abrasive cleaner, deodorizer, and even a tooth whitener.
Washing Soda: The Powerful Cleaner
Washing soda (sodium carbonate – Na2CO3), also called soda ash, is a stronger alkali than baking soda. It’s primarily used as a water softener and powerful cleaning agent. Washing soda’s strength comes from its higher pH level, which allows it to cut through grease, remove stains, and boost the effectiveness of detergents. It is NOT safe to ingest and should not be used in cooking.
The Chemical Difference: A Simple Equation
The crucial difference between these two white powders lies in their chemical structure. Baking soda contains an extra hydrogen atom and is a bicarbonate, whereas washing soda is a carbonate. Heating baking soda can transform it into washing soda, releasing water and carbon dioxide.
The reaction is as follows:
2 NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate) → Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate) + H2O (Water) + CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
This reaction explains why baking soda is sometimes used in recipes to create a lighter texture – the released carbon dioxide creates bubbles.
Key Differences: Baking Soda vs. Washing Soda
| Feature | Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) | Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate) |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | NaHCO3 | Na2CO3 |
| pH Level | ~8 | ~11 |
| Alkalinity | Mild | Strong |
| Uses | Baking, gentle cleaning, deodorizing | Laundry booster, heavy-duty cleaning, water softening |
| Safety | Safe for consumption in small doses | Irritant; avoid ingestion & direct skin contact |
| Appearance | White powder | White powder |
Safe Handling and Storage
Both baking soda and washing soda should be stored in airtight containers in a cool, dry place. While baking soda is generally safe, washing soda can cause skin and eye irritation. Always wear gloves when handling washing soda and avoid inhaling the dust. Keep both substances out of reach of children and pets.
Practical Uses: Where to Use Each One
Baking Soda Uses:
- Baking: Leavening agent in cakes, cookies, and breads.
- Deodorizing: Absorbing odors in refrigerators, freezers, and carpets.
- Gentle Cleaning: Cleaning countertops, sinks, and ovens.
- Acid Reflux Relief: Neutralizing stomach acid.
Washing Soda Uses:
- Laundry Booster: Improving the cleaning power of laundry detergents.
- Water Softening: Reducing mineral buildup in washing machines.
- Heavy-Duty Cleaning: Cleaning greasy surfaces, ovens, and toilets (use with caution).
- Removing Stains: Soaking stained laundry items.
Common Mistakes and Misconceptions
- Substituting washing soda for baking soda in recipes: This can be dangerous and will result in a bitter, inedible product.
- Using washing soda on delicate surfaces: Washing soda can damage certain surfaces, such as aluminum and waxed floors. Always test in an inconspicuous area first.
- Assuming both are interchangeable for all cleaning tasks: While both can clean, washing soda is significantly stronger and should be used with caution.
- Not wearing gloves when handling washing soda: Washing soda can irritate the skin.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I make washing soda from baking soda?
Yes, you can! Simply spread baking soda on a baking sheet and bake at 300°F (150°C) for about an hour. The heat will convert the baking soda into washing soda, releasing water and carbon dioxide. Allow it to cool completely before handling.
Is washing soda environmentally friendly?
Washing soda is generally considered to be more environmentally friendly than many commercial cleaning products because it is a natural mineral and breaks down readily in the environment. However, it’s essential to use it responsibly and avoid excessive amounts.
Can I use washing soda to unclog drains?
Yes, washing soda can help unclog drains. Pour about a cup of washing soda down the drain, followed by hot water. Let it sit for about 30 minutes, then flush with more hot water. This works best for grease clogs, not solid obstructions.
What are the safety precautions for using washing soda?
Always wear gloves when handling washing soda to avoid skin irritation. Avoid contact with eyes and inhalation of dust. Keep out of reach of children and pets. If ingested, contact a poison control center immediately.
Can I use washing soda to clean my silver?
Yes, washing soda can be used to clean tarnished silver using a simple electrochemical process. Line a glass dish with aluminum foil, add hot water, washing soda, and the tarnished silver. Make sure the silver touches the aluminum foil. The tarnish will transfer to the foil. Rinse the silver thoroughly after cleaning.
Can washing soda be used to remove hard water stains?
Yes, washing soda helps to soften water and can be effective in removing hard water stains from surfaces such as shower doors and faucets. Apply a solution of washing soda and water, let it sit for a few minutes, and then scrub and rinse thoroughly.
What is the shelf life of washing soda and baking soda?
Both washing soda and baking soda have a long shelf life when stored properly in airtight containers in a cool, dry place. Baking soda may lose some of its leavening power over time, but it will still be effective for cleaning and deodorizing.
Can I use washing soda in my dishwasher?
Yes, you can add a small amount of washing soda to your dishwasher along with your regular detergent to boost its cleaning power. Use sparingly, as too much can damage certain dishwasher components.
Is washing soda safe for septic systems?
In moderate amounts, washing soda is generally considered safe for septic systems. However, avoid using excessive amounts, as it can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the septic tank.
Can washing soda remove mildew?
Washing soda can help remove mildew. Mix a solution of washing soda and water, apply it to the affected area, let it sit for a few minutes, and then scrub and rinse thoroughly. Always test in an inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t damage the surface.
What’s the best way to dispose of washing soda?
Small amounts of washing soda can be safely disposed of down the drain with plenty of water. For larger amounts, check with your local waste management guidelines.
Can I use washing soda to clean my toilet?
Yes, washing soda can be used to clean toilets. Sprinkle washing soda into the toilet bowl, let it sit for a few minutes, scrub with a toilet brush, and then flush. Avoid using it with chlorine bleach, as this can create dangerous fumes.