What Brands Are Real Tequila?
Real tequila is exclusively produced in specific regions of Mexico using only the Blue Weber agave, and must adhere to strict regulations. Not all brands claiming to be tequila meet these requirements; look for the “100% agave” designation to ensure authenticity.
Defining Real Tequila: More Than Just Agave
Tequila, a spirit synonymous with Mexico, enjoys a protected designation of origin (PDO), similar to Champagne. This means that to be legally labeled as tequila, the spirit must be produced in specified regions and adhere to strict regulatory standards. Understanding these regulations is crucial to identifying real tequila brands.
The Denomination of Origin (DOT) and Production Regions
Tequila’s DOT limits its production to five Mexican states:
- Jalisco
- Guanajuato
- Michoacán
- Nayarit
- Tamaulipas
The vast majority of tequila production occurs in Jalisco, the heartland of tequila. Spirits produced outside these regions, even if made from agave, cannot legally be called tequila; they are typically labeled as agave spirits or distillates.
Blue Weber Agave: The Essential Ingredient
Real tequila must be made primarily from the Blue Weber agave (Agave tequilana). This specific agave species contributes unique flavors and characteristics to the spirit. It takes six to eight years for the agave plants to mature before they are harvested for tequila production.
Two Categories: Tequila and 100% Agave Tequila
Tequila comes in two categories:
- Tequila (Mixto): This category allows for up to 49% of the sugars to come from sources other than agave, typically cane sugar or corn syrup. These are often labeled as “Tequila” without specifying “100% agave.”
- 100% Agave Tequila: This category requires that all sugars used in fermentation come exclusively from the Blue Weber agave. These bottles are clearly labeled “100% Agave” or “100% Blue Agave.”
Choosing 100% agave tequila is crucial for experiencing the authentic flavors and aromas of the spirit and avoiding potential hangovers associated with added sugars.
Distillation and Aging: Defining Styles
After fermentation, the agave juice undergoes distillation, typically twice. The resulting tequila is then categorized based on its aging process:
| Tequila Type | Aging Period | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Blanco (Silver) | Unaged or aged < 60 days | Clear, crisp, and agave-forward flavors. Often used in cocktails. |
| Reposado | Aged 2-12 months | Rested in oak barrels, developing a golden hue and notes of vanilla, caramel, and spice. |
| Añejo | Aged 1-3 years | Aged in oak barrels for a longer period, resulting in a deeper amber color and richer flavors of oak, vanilla, and dried fruit. |
| Extra Añejo | Aged > 3 years | Aged for the longest period, typically in used bourbon or cognac barrels. Complex flavors and a smooth, luxurious texture. |
| Joven (Gold) | Usually a blend of Blanco with Reposado, Añejo, or caramel coloring | Sometimes mixto tequilas are colored to appear aged. Be careful when selecting Joven tequilas. Look for “100% Agave” if available. |
Brands To Look For: Focusing on 100% Agave
While personal preference plays a significant role, several brands consistently produce high-quality 100% agave tequilas across different styles. Here are a few well-regarded examples:
- Fortaleza: Known for its traditional production methods and agave-forward flavors.
- Don Julio: A widely recognized brand with a range of tequilas, including excellent Reposado and Añejo offerings.
- Patrón: Popular and consistent, offering a smooth and approachable profile. Be sure to select the 100% agave version.
- Herradura: Known for its innovative barrel aging techniques and complex flavors.
- Casa Noble: Certified organic and emphasizes sustainable practices.
- Clase Azul: Recognizable by its iconic ceramic bottles, Clase Azul produces ultra-premium tequila.
This list is not exhaustive, and many smaller, craft distilleries are producing exceptional 100% agave tequilas. Exploration is key!
Spotting Counterfeit or Lower-Quality Tequila
Beware of certain red flags when selecting tequila:
- Lack of “100% Agave” Label: If the bottle doesn’t explicitly state “100% Agave” or “100% Blue Agave,” it’s likely a mixto tequila.
- Suspiciously Low Price: Real tequila, especially 100% agave, requires significant investment in agave cultivation and production, so exceptionally cheap bottles are often a warning sign.
- Artificial Coloring or Additives: Some mixto tequilas use caramel coloring or other additives to mimic the appearance of aged tequilas.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What does NOM stand for, and why is it important?
NOM stands for Norma Oficial Mexicana. It’s a four-digit number that identifies the specific distillery that produced the tequila. This number is crucial because it allows consumers to trace the origin of the tequila and verifies that it was produced according to Mexican regulations. Always look for the NOM number on the bottle.
Is all Blanco tequila unaged?
Most Blanco tequilas are unaged or aged for a very short period (less than 60 days). However, some producers may intentionally rest Blanco tequila for a few weeks to mellow the flavors.
What’s the difference between Tequila and Mezcal?
Both Tequila and Mezcal are agave spirits, but they differ significantly. Tequila must be made from Blue Weber agave in specific regions, while Mezcal can be made from various agave species across a wider area. Mezcal often has a smoky flavor due to the roasting of the agave piñas in underground pits.
Are the higher-priced tequilas always better?
Price doesn’t always equate to quality, but it can be an indicator. Higher-priced tequilas often use more mature agave plants, employ traditional production methods, and undergo longer aging processes. It’s best to research and read reviews to determine if a particular tequila is worth the price.
How should I properly taste tequila?
To properly taste tequila, use a Riedel tequila glass (or similar stemmed glass). Swirl the tequila gently to release its aromas, then take small sips, allowing the liquid to coat your palate. Pay attention to the flavors, texture, and finish.
What are some good tequilas for mixing in cocktails?
Blanco tequilas are generally preferred for cocktails due to their clean and crisp flavor profile. Look for 100% agave Blanco tequilas for the best quality cocktails.
Can tequila expire?
An unopened bottle of tequila doesn’t expire. However, once opened, the tequila can slowly oxidize over time, affecting its flavor. Store opened bottles in a cool, dark place with the cap tightly sealed.
What’s the deal with “worm” in some bottles?
The worm is never found in real tequila. It’s a marketing gimmick sometimes used in Mezcal (though increasingly less common), primarily aimed at tourists.
Is organic tequila better?
Organic tequila, like other organic products, is produced using agave plants grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. While it doesn’t necessarily guarantee a superior taste, it does reflect a commitment to sustainable practices.
What are some common flavors found in aged tequilas?
Aged tequilas, such as Reposado, Añejo, and Extra Añejo, often exhibit flavors of vanilla, caramel, oak, dried fruit, chocolate, and spice, depending on the type of barrel used for aging.
What is the “CRT” and its significance?
The Consejo Regulador del Tequila (CRT) is the regulatory body that oversees the production of tequila. It ensures that tequila adheres to the established standards and protects the denomination of origin.
What’s the difference between Highlands and Lowlands Tequila?
Highlands tequila comes from agave grown in the Highlands (Los Altos) region of Jalisco. These tequilas tend to be sweeter and more floral. Lowlands tequila comes from agave grown in the Lowlands region, typically exhibiting earthier and more herbaceous flavors.