What Do Calla Lily Seeds Look Like? A Deep Dive into Zantedeschia Propagation
Calla lily seeds are quite distinctive. They are relatively large, ranging from 3-5mm in diameter, and present themselves as irregular, round or kidney-shaped structures embedded within a fleshy, orange or red berry.
Understanding Calla Lily Seeds: An Introduction
Calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) are renowned for their elegant, trumpet-shaped spathes and lush foliage, making them a popular choice for gardens and cut flower arrangements. While often propagated by rhizome division, growing calla lilies from seeds offers a fascinating alternative, albeit a slightly more challenging one. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of calla lily seeds is crucial for successful propagation. This article provides a comprehensive guide to recognizing calla lily seeds, their extraction process, and the nuances of starting your own calla lily plants from scratch.
The Botanical Background
Calla lilies belong to the Araceae family, which is known for its characteristic inflorescence consisting of a spathe and a spadix. The spathe is the modified leaf that forms the trumpet-like structure, while the spadix is the central spike that bears the tiny, inconspicuous flowers. After pollination, these flowers develop into berries. Each berry contains several seeds, usually ranging from one to five. The seeds themselves are not immediately visible, as they are encased within the pulpy berry.
Identifying Calla Lily Seeds: Physical Characteristics
Successfully identifying calla lily seeds is the first step towards propagation. Here’s what to look for:
- Size: Calla lily seeds typically measure between 3 to 5 millimeters in diameter. This makes them relatively large compared to the seeds of some other ornamental plants.
- Shape: They are irregularly shaped, ranging from round to kidney-shaped, with slightly flattened sides. Expect variation in shape even within the same berry.
- Color: The seeds are usually dark brown or black when fully mature. Immature seeds may appear lighter in color.
- Texture: The seed coat is hard and smooth.
- Location: As mentioned, they are found within the fleshy berries that develop after flowering. The berries themselves are initially green but turn orange or red as they ripen.
Extracting Calla Lily Seeds
Extracting the seeds from the berries is a crucial step. Here’s a simple method:
- Harvesting: Allow the berries to ripen fully on the plant until they turn a vibrant orange or red color.
- Extraction: Gently squeeze the berries to release the seeds.
- Cleaning: Thoroughly rinse the seeds under running water to remove any remaining pulp.
- Drying: Spread the seeds on a paper towel in a cool, well-ventilated area and allow them to dry completely for several days. This prevents mold growth.
Preparing Calla Lily Seeds for Planting
Calla lily seeds benefit from scarification, a process that helps to break down the hard seed coat and improve germination rates. You can achieve scarification through several methods:
- Mechanical Scarification: Gently rub the seeds with sandpaper. Be careful not to damage the seed embryo.
- Hot Water Scarification: Soak the seeds in hot (not boiling) water for 24 hours.
- Acid Scarification: This method is not generally recommended for home gardeners due to the risks involved.
Sowing Calla Lily Seeds
Once scarified, the seeds are ready for sowing:
- Potting Mix: Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite.
- Sowing Depth: Sow the seeds about 1/2 inch deep in small pots or seed trays.
- Watering: Gently water the soil and keep it consistently moist but not waterlogged.
- Temperature: Maintain a temperature of around 70-75°F (21-24°C).
- Germination: Germination can take anywhere from 2-6 weeks, or even longer depending on the variety and conditions.
Common Mistakes and Troubleshooting
Growing calla lilies from seed can be challenging. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
- Using immature seeds: Ensure the berries are fully ripened before harvesting the seeds.
- Insufficient scarification: Properly scarify the seeds to improve germination.
- Overwatering: Avoid waterlogged soil, which can lead to seed rot.
- Insufficient light: Provide adequate light for seedlings to grow.
Comparing Seed Propagation vs. Rhizome Division
Here’s a table summarizing the key differences between seed propagation and rhizome division:
| Feature | Seed Propagation | Rhizome Division |
|---|---|---|
| Difficulty | More Challenging | Easier |
| Time to Flower | Longer (1-2 years) | Shorter (Within the season) |
| Genetic Variation | Greater (May not be true to type) | Lower (Clones the parent) |
| Plant Health | Can be healthier, if from disease free parents | Can transfer disease if present |
| Cost | Lower (If seeds collected) | Higher (Purchase of rhizomes) |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does it take for calla lily seeds to germinate?
Germination can take anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks, and sometimes even longer, depending on factors such as seed viability, temperature, and moisture levels. Consistent moisture is crucial during this period.
Can I direct sow calla lily seeds in the garden?
While possible, it’s generally not recommended. Starting seeds indoors provides better control over environmental conditions and increases the chances of successful germination and establishment. Outdoor conditions can be unpredictable.
What type of soil is best for calla lily seeds?
A well-draining potting mix is essential. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite works well. Avoid heavy clay soils, as they can retain too much moisture and lead to seed rot.
Do calla lily seeds need light to germinate?
While darkness isn’t strictly required for germination, providing indirect light after sowing can be beneficial. Once the seedlings emerge, ensure they receive adequate light.
How often should I water calla lily seeds?
Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Check the moisture level regularly and water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
What is the best temperature for germinating calla lily seeds?
The ideal temperature for germination is around 70-75°F (21-24°C). Use a heat mat to maintain a consistent temperature if necessary.
Why are my calla lily seeds not germinating?
Several factors can contribute to germination failure, including poor seed viability, insufficient scarification, incorrect temperature, and overwatering. Review your process to identify potential issues.
How do I know if my calla lily seeds are viable?
A simple water test can provide an indication of seed viability. Place the seeds in a glass of water. Seeds that sink are more likely to be viable, while those that float may be infertile.
Can I save calla lily seeds for future planting?
Yes, you can save calla lily seeds. After drying them completely, store them in an airtight container in a cool, dark, and dry place. Viability may decrease over time.
How long will it take for calla lilies grown from seed to flower?
Calla lilies grown from seed typically take 1 to 2 years to flower. This is longer than plants propagated by rhizome division.
What is the best way to prevent fungal diseases when growing calla lilies from seed?
Ensure good air circulation around the seedlings and avoid overwatering. Consider using a fungicide if necessary. Proper sanitation is also important.
Are there any specific cultivars of calla lily that are easier to grow from seed?
While there are no cultivars specifically bred for easy seed propagation, some gardeners find that common white varieties tend to be more reliable. Experimentation is key!