What Does MGO Mean in Manuka Honey?
MGO in Manuka honey stands for Methylglyoxal, a naturally occurring compound responsible for Manuka honey’s unique antibacterial properties. It’s a key marker of Manuka honey’s quality and potency.
Understanding Manuka Honey’s Unique Properties
Manuka honey, derived from the nectar of the Manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium) native to New Zealand, has garnered significant attention for its remarkable health benefits. Unlike regular honey, Manuka honey possesses potent antibacterial activity attributed primarily to methylglyoxal (MGO). This component distinguishes it and dictates its value. Other factors also contribute to the unique properties of Manuka honey, including dihydroxyacetone (DHA), leptosperin, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), although MGO is often considered the most important.
The Role of Methylglyoxal (MGO)
MGO is a naturally occurring compound formed in Manuka honey through a complex process involving dihydroxyacetone (DHA) present in the Manuka nectar. As the honey matures, DHA converts into MGO. The higher the MGO level, the greater the antibacterial activity of the honey. This activity is non-peroxide antibacterial activity (NPA), differentiating it from the antibacterial properties of other honeys primarily derived from hydrogen peroxide.
Measuring MGO Levels
MGO levels are measured in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or parts per million (ppm). The MGO rating on a Manuka honey label indicates the concentration of MGO in that particular batch of honey. A higher MGO rating signifies greater antibacterial potency. For example, Manuka honey with an MGO rating of 400+ contains at least 400 mg of MGO per kilogram. Independent laboratories conduct testing using validated scientific methods to determine MGO levels.
MGO vs. UMF: Understanding the Rating Systems
While MGO represents the concentration of Methylglyoxal, UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) is another grading system used to assess Manuka honey’s quality. UMF is a more comprehensive measure that considers other factors in addition to MGO, including leptosperin and DHA. There’s a correlation between MGO and UMF ratings, but UMF also incorporates additional quality markers. Here’s a general comparison:
| UMF Rating | MGO Rating (approximate) | Antibacterial Activity |
|---|---|---|
| UMF 5+ | MGO 83+ | Low |
| UMF 10+ | MGO 263+ | Moderate |
| UMF 15+ | MGO 514+ | High |
| UMF 20+ | MGO 829+ | Very High |
It’s important to note that these are approximate conversions. The most accurate information is to look for both UMF and MGO ratings on the label.
Benefits Associated with MGO in Manuka Honey
Manuka honey, rich in MGO, is prized for its purported health benefits. These benefits are largely attributed to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Potential benefits include:
- Wound Healing: Manuka honey may promote wound healing and reduce infection.
- Digestive Health: Some studies suggest it can help with digestive issues.
- Oral Health: It can potentially combat bacteria in the mouth and reduce plaque.
- Soothe Sore Throats: The antibacterial properties may help soothe a sore throat.
- Skin Care: Its anti-inflammatory properties may help with skin conditions.
It’s important to note that more research is needed to fully substantiate all these claims. Manuka honey should not be used as a substitute for conventional medical treatment.
Common Mistakes When Buying Manuka Honey
Many consumers make mistakes when purchasing Manuka honey, resulting in them receiving substandard products. Here are some common pitfalls:
- Ignoring MGO or UMF Ratings: Failure to check for MGO or UMF ratings can lead to purchasing honey that isn’t genuine Manuka honey or doesn’t have the advertised antibacterial properties.
- Trusting Misleading Labels: Some labels might use terms like “Manuka blend” or “active Manuka,” which don’t guarantee the same level of MGO as pure Manuka honey.
- Falling for Low Prices: Genuine Manuka honey with high MGO levels is typically more expensive due to its limited supply and unique properties. Exceptionally low prices should raise suspicion.
- Not Verifying Origin: Ensure the honey is from New Zealand, as that’s where authentic Manuka honey originates. Look for “Made in New Zealand” on the label.
- Neglecting Certification: Look for certification from reputable organizations such as the UMF Honey Association (UMFHA).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the minimum MGO level considered beneficial in Manuka honey?
While any MGO level indicates the presence of Methylglyoxal, a minimum of MGO 100+ is generally considered to provide some level of antibacterial benefit. Honey with higher MGO ratings like MGO 400+ or MGO 500+ is considered to have stronger antibacterial properties.
Can MGO be artificially added to honey?
While technically possible, artificially adding MGO to honey would not be considered genuine Manuka honey and wouldn’t possess the same complex profile of naturally occurring compounds. Authentic Manuka honey derives its MGO content naturally from the nectar of the Manuka tree. Furthermore, reputable testing labs can usually identify if MGO has been artificially added.
Does cooking or heating Manuka honey affect the MGO level?
Heating Manuka honey to high temperatures (above 140°F or 60°C) for extended periods can degrade the MGO. It’s best to use Manuka honey at room temperature or gently warm it to preserve its beneficial properties.
Is all honey from New Zealand considered Manuka honey?
No. Only honey produced from bees that primarily forage on the Manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium) in New Zealand can be labeled as Manuka honey. The honey needs to meet specific criteria and testing standards to qualify.
What should I look for on a Manuka honey label to ensure its authenticity?
Check for: “Made in New Zealand,” a valid MGO or UMF rating, the license number of the UMF Honey Association if UMF rated, and a reputable brand with transparent sourcing practices.
How does MGO contribute to Manuka honey’s antibacterial properties compared to other honeys?
Unlike most other honeys where the antibacterial activity is primarily due to hydrogen peroxide, Manuka honey’s antibacterial activity is mainly attributed to non-peroxide activity (NPA), largely driven by MGO. This NPA remains active even when the hydrogen peroxide is neutralized.
Is Manuka honey safe for everyone?
Manuka honey is generally safe for most adults, but it should not be given to infants under one year of age due to the risk of botulism. People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels when consuming Manuka honey due to its sugar content. People with bee allergies should exercise caution.
What are the other active ingredients besides MGO in Manuka honey?
Besides MGO, Manuka honey contains other bioactive compounds like dihydroxyacetone (DHA), leptosperin, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). These contribute to the overall unique characteristics of Manuka honey.
How should Manuka honey be stored to maintain its quality?
Store Manuka honey in a cool, dark place in a tightly sealed container. Avoid direct sunlight and extreme temperature fluctuations to preserve its quality and MGO levels.
Can Manuka honey be used to treat all types of wounds?
While Manuka honey has shown promise in promoting wound healing, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for serious or infected wounds. Manuka honey should be used as an adjunct to conventional medical treatment, not as a replacement.
Are there any side effects associated with consuming Manuka honey?
Manuka honey is generally considered safe when consumed in moderation. However, excessive consumption can lead to digestive issues due to its high sugar content. As mentioned before, allergies are also a concern for some individuals.
Where can I find reliable information about MGO levels and Manuka honey quality?
The UMF Honey Association (UMFHA) website is a reliable source of information about UMF grading and Manuka honey quality standards. Independent laboratory test reports can also provide insights into the MGO levels of specific batches of honey. Always rely on credible and scientifically validated sources.