What Kind of Cheese Is American?
American cheese is not a naturally aged cheese but rather a processed cheese product made from a blend of cheeses, emulsifiers, and other ingredients. It is characterized by its smooth, creamy texture and mild flavor.
The American Cheese Enigma: A Journey into Processed Dairy
American cheese. The name itself evokes images of grilled cheese sandwiches, burgers, and the iconic slices found nestled between layers of bread and deli meats. But what is American cheese, really? It’s a question that often sparks debate among cheese aficionados. Unlike Cheddar, Gouda, or Brie, American cheese isn’t a specific type of cheese in the traditional sense. Understanding its origins and composition is key to appreciating its unique place in the culinary landscape.
Defining “American” Cheese: Processed, Not Natural
The most important distinction to make is that American cheese is a processed cheese product, not a natural, traditionally crafted cheese. This means it’s made by combining one or more natural cheeses (usually cheddar, Colby, or similar varieties) with emulsifiers, milk solids, and other ingredients. This mixture is then heated, pasteurized, and cooled to create a uniform, smooth, and meltable product.
The Ingredients That Make American Cheese
The ingredient list of American cheese can vary depending on the manufacturer, but some key components are consistently present:
- Natural Cheese: Typically cheddar, Colby, or similar cheeses contribute the base flavor and texture.
- Emulsifiers: These are crucial for creating a smooth, consistent texture and preventing the cheese from separating when melted. Common emulsifiers include sodium citrate and disodium phosphate.
- Milk Solids: Added to enhance the texture and creaminess.
- Salt: For flavor and preservation.
- Annatto (Optional): A natural coloring agent derived from the achiote tree, often added to give American cheese its characteristic yellow-orange hue.
- Other Optional Ingredients: Some manufacturers might add preservatives, flavor enhancers, or other ingredients to improve the product’s shelf life or taste.
Understanding the Processing of American Cheese
The manufacturing process is what truly defines American cheese. It’s a far cry from the traditional cheesemaking methods used for aging and developing complex flavors. Here’s a simplified overview:
- Blending: Natural cheeses are ground and mixed with emulsifiers, milk solids, and other ingredients.
- Heating: The mixture is heated to a high temperature, typically using steam or direct heat. This pasteurizes the mixture and melts the cheese.
- Emulsification: The emulsifiers work to create a smooth, homogenous blend, preventing the cheese from separating into fat and water.
- Cooling and Shaping: The melted cheese is then cooled and formed into blocks, slices, or other shapes.
The Appeal of American Cheese: Meltability and Affordability
Despite its processed nature, American cheese holds a special place in many kitchens. Its popularity stems from several key factors:
- Excellent Meltability: American cheese is renowned for its smooth, even melting properties, making it ideal for grilled cheese, burgers, and other applications where a creamy, gooey cheese is desired.
- Mild Flavor: Its mild, slightly salty flavor appeals to a wide range of palates, especially children.
- Affordability: Compared to many natural cheeses, American cheese is often more budget-friendly, making it an accessible option for families.
- Convenience: Pre-sliced American cheese is readily available and easy to use.
Common Misconceptions About American Cheese
Several common misconceptions surround American cheese. One of the most prevalent is the belief that it’s a single type of cheese. In reality, it’s a category of processed cheese products, with variations in flavor, texture, and ingredients depending on the brand and formulation. Another misconception is that all American cheese is unhealthy. While it’s true that it often contains higher levels of sodium and fat than some natural cheeses, it can still be part of a balanced diet when consumed in moderation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between “American cheese” and “pasteurized process cheese food”?
“American cheese” is a general term often used to refer to pasteurized process cheese food. However, the FDA has specific labeling requirements. “Pasteurized process cheese food” has a lower percentage of cheese solids than “pasteurized process cheese.” The latter must contain a higher proportion of natural cheese and fewer non-cheese ingredients. The former, pasteurized process cheese food, can include whey, milk solids, and other dairy ingredients to a greater extent.
Is American cheese a “real” cheese?
This depends on your definition of “real” cheese. If you define real cheese as naturally aged cheese with a single base ingredient (like cow’s milk), then American cheese is not a real cheese. It is a processed food product made from blending other cheeses and other ingredients.
What gives American cheese its orange color?
The orange color is typically due to the addition of annatto, a natural food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree. Not all American cheese is orange; some varieties are white or off-white. The coloring is purely for aesthetic purposes.
Can you make American cheese at home?
Yes, although it requires specific ingredients and techniques. Homemade versions typically involve melting cheddar cheese with emulsifying salts and other ingredients to achieve a smooth, melty texture. It’s more akin to recreating the process than making cheese from scratch.
Is all American cheese the same?
No. American cheese varies widely among brands and formulations. Factors like the types of natural cheeses used in the blend, the amount of emulsifiers, and the presence of added flavors or preservatives can all affect the final product’s taste, texture, and nutritional content.
Is American cheese vegetarian?
Most American cheese is vegetarian. However, some brands may use rennet in the initial production of the natural cheeses that are blended to make the American cheese product. If you are a strict vegetarian, it’s important to check the ingredient list for potential animal-derived ingredients.
What is the best way to store American cheese?
American cheese should be stored in the refrigerator in an airtight container or wrapped tightly in plastic wrap to prevent it from drying out and absorbing odors. Opened packages should be used within a reasonable time frame to maintain freshness.
What dishes are best suited for American cheese?
American cheese shines in dishes where meltability and a mild flavor are desired. It’s a classic choice for grilled cheese sandwiches, burgers, mac and cheese, and queso dips. It’s also often used in breakfast sandwiches and omelets.
Is American cheese gluten-free?
Yes, American cheese is generally considered gluten-free. The ingredients used in its production typically do not contain gluten. However, it is always prudent to check the product’s label to ensure there are no hidden sources of gluten.
What are some healthier alternatives to American cheese?
If you’re looking for a healthier option, consider using a lower-fat cheddar cheese or other natural cheeses with good melting properties. Another option is a reduced-sodium American cheese if you are concerned about sodium intake.
How long does American cheese last?
Unopened packages of American cheese can typically last for several weeks past the “sell-by” date, when stored properly in the refrigerator. Once opened, it’s best to use it within 5-7 days to maintain optimal freshness.
Why is American cheese so popular?
Its popularity stems from a combination of factors, including its excellent meltability, mild flavor that appeals to a broad range of consumers, affordability, and convenience. It’s a familiar and versatile ingredient that has become a staple in many American households.