What Kind of Cheese Is American Cheese?
American cheese is not a single type of cheese but rather a processed cheese product made from a blend of cheeses, emulsifiers, and other ingredients. It’s categorized as a pasteurized process cheese food, designed for its smooth melt and affordability.
A Brief History of American Cheese
American cheese wasn’t born in a single cave or crafted by a solitary artisan. Its origins lie in the early 20th century, a time of burgeoning industrial food production. The goal was to create a cheese that was consistent, shelf-stable, and melted beautifully – qualities that traditional cheeses often lacked. Several individuals and companies contributed to its development, but James L. Kraft is often credited with popularizing the process of pasteurizing cheese, which laid the groundwork for mass production. Over time, American cheese became a staple in American households, finding its way into grilled cheese sandwiches, burgers, and countless other dishes.
What Exactly Is “Pasteurized Process Cheese Food”?
This seemingly innocuous label tells us a lot about what American cheese is and isn’t.
- Pasteurized: The cheese undergoes a heating process to kill bacteria and extend its shelf life.
- Process: The key here is “process.” This means the cheese is manufactured by blending and processing one or more natural cheeses, along with other ingredients.
- Cheese Food: According to FDA regulations, “cheese food” must contain at least 51% cheese by weight. It can also include other dairy ingredients like milk solids, whey, and cream, as well as emulsifiers and preservatives.
The Ingredients of a Typical Slice
While formulations vary, a typical slice of American cheese includes:
- One or more cheeses: Often cheddar, Colby, or similar cheeses.
- Milk ingredients: Such as milk solids, whey, or cream.
- Emulsifiers: These help the cheese blend smoothly and prevent separation when melted. Common emulsifiers include sodium citrate and disodium phosphate.
- Salt: For flavor and preservation.
- Artificial coloring: Often annatto, to achieve a consistent orange or yellow color.
- Preservatives: To extend shelf life. Sorbic acid is a common preservative.
Why American Cheese Melts So Well
The secret to American cheese’s legendary melt is the addition of emulsifiers. These substances create a stable emulsion of fat and water, preventing the cheese from separating into a greasy mess when heated. This results in a smooth, creamy texture that makes it perfect for sandwiches and other cooked applications.
White vs. Yellow American Cheese
The only real difference between white and yellow American cheese is the addition of annatto, a natural food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree. White American cheese simply lacks this coloring agent. Both have the same basic composition and melt equally well.
Is American Cheese “Real” Cheese?
This is a surprisingly contentious question. From a purist perspective, American cheese may not qualify as “real” cheese in the same way as a handcrafted cheddar or brie. It’s processed and contains ingredients beyond just cheese, milk, and salt. However, it does contain a significant proportion of cheese, and its processed nature is what gives it its unique characteristics. Ultimately, whether you consider it “real” cheese is a matter of personal opinion.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between American cheese and Swiss cheese?
American cheese is a processed cheese product made from a blend of cheeses, emulsifiers, and other ingredients. Swiss cheese, on the other hand, is a natural cheese made from cow’s milk, known for its distinctive holes (eyes) and nutty flavor.
Is American cheese healthy?
American cheese is relatively high in sodium and saturated fat, so it should be consumed in moderation. While it does provide calcium and some protein, it lacks the nutritional complexity of natural cheeses.
Can I make American cheese at home?
While you can’t perfectly replicate commercially produced American cheese without industrial equipment, you can make a homemade version using natural cheeses, milk, and sodium citrate. This will be closer to a cheese sauce than a typical slice of American cheese.
What are some good substitutes for American cheese?
For melting purposes, consider using Monterey Jack, provolone, or muenster. For a similar flavor profile, mild cheddar can work, though it won’t melt quite as smoothly.
Does American cheese need to be refrigerated?
Yes, American cheese must be refrigerated to prevent spoilage. Once opened, keep it tightly wrapped to prevent it from drying out.
How long does American cheese last?
Unopened packages of American cheese can typically last for several months in the refrigerator. Once opened, it’s best to consume it within a few weeks. Look for signs of mold or off odors, which indicate spoilage.
Is American cheese gluten-free?
Yes, most commercially produced American cheese is gluten-free. However, it’s always a good idea to check the ingredient label to ensure it doesn’t contain any hidden sources of gluten.
Is American cheese vegetarian?
Most American cheese is considered vegetarian, but some brands may use rennet derived from animal sources in the production of the original cheeses used in the blend. Check the label if you are a strict vegetarian.
What is “deluxe” American cheese?
“Deluxe” American cheese typically refers to higher-quality versions that use a greater proportion of natural cheeses and fewer additives. They often have a richer flavor and creamier texture than standard American cheese.
Why is American cheese so often used on grilled cheese sandwiches?
Its smooth melt, mild flavor, and affordability make it an ideal choice for grilled cheese sandwiches. The emulsifiers ensure a creamy, gooey texture, while the mild flavor complements other ingredients.
What’s the difference between a “cheese slice” and “American cheese”?
“Cheese slice” is a more general term. American cheese is a specific type of cheese slice, while other types of cheese slices may be made from cheddar, provolone, or other natural cheeses.
Is there a “healthier” version of American cheese?
Some brands offer reduced-fat or reduced-sodium versions of American cheese. These may be a better option for those concerned about their sodium or fat intake, but they may also have a slightly different flavor and texture. Always check the nutritional information on the label.