What To Feed Chickens Laying Eggs?
Feeding laying hens a balanced and complete diet is absolutely crucial for both their health and the quality of the eggs they produce. A good layer feed provides the necessary protein, calcium, and other essential nutrients needed to support egg production.
Understanding the Nutritional Needs of Laying Hens
The dietary requirements of laying hens differ significantly from those of chicks or meat birds. Laying hens require a diet specifically formulated to support consistent egg production, healthy bones, and overall well-being. This means focusing on several key nutrient groups.
- Protein: Vital for egg formation and overall health. Laying hens need a higher protein content than non-laying hens.
- Calcium: Essential for strong eggshells. Insufficient calcium can lead to thin, brittle shells and even egg-binding, a potentially fatal condition.
- Phosphorus: Works in conjunction with calcium to maintain bone health. A proper calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is critical.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Including Vitamins A, D, E, B vitamins, and trace minerals like manganese, zinc, and iodine, are all important for overall health and egg quality.
The Benefits of a Proper Layer Feed
Feeding your laying hens a well-balanced layer feed yields a multitude of benefits for both the birds and the egg producer.
- Consistent Egg Production: A balanced diet ensures hens have the resources they need to lay regularly.
- Strong Eggshells: Adequate calcium intake results in fewer cracked or thin-shelled eggs.
- Nutritious Eggs: The hen’s diet directly impacts the nutritional content of the eggs, including vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Healthy Hens: A proper diet supports overall health, immunity, and longevity in your flock.
- Reduced Health Problems: Proper nutrition can help prevent common poultry ailments like egg-binding and vitamin deficiencies.
Choosing the Right Layer Feed
Selecting the right layer feed can seem daunting, but understanding the options available can help you make an informed decision.
- Commercial Layer Feed: Typically available as crumbles, pellets, or mash, commercial layer feeds are formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of laying hens. Choose a reputable brand and check the ingredient list to ensure it contains high-quality protein sources.
- Organic Layer Feed: If you prefer an organic approach, choose certified organic layer feed. This feed is made with ingredients that meet organic standards, avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
- Supplemental Feeds: While layer feed should be the primary source of nutrition, supplemental feeds like scratch grains, vegetables, and fruits can be offered in moderation. Avoid overfeeding treats, as this can dilute the nutritional value of the layer feed.
Understanding Layer Feed Formulations
Layer feed usually comes in different formulations, each designed to meet specific needs. Understanding these formulations can help you make the right choice for your flock.
| Formulation | Protein Content (%) | Calcium Content (%) | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starter Feed | 18-20 | 1.0-1.2 | For chicks from hatch to 6-8 weeks old. High protein to support growth. |
| Grower Feed | 16-18 | 0.9-1.0 | For pullets from 6-8 weeks until they start laying. Lower calcium than layer feed. |
| Layer Feed | 16-18 | 3.5-4.5 | For laying hens. High calcium for strong eggshells. |
Feeding Practices for Optimal Egg Production
The way you feed your chickens can also significantly impact their egg production and overall health.
- Free-Choice Feeding: Provide layer feed in a feeder that is accessible to the hens at all times. This allows them to eat according to their needs.
- Clean Water: Always provide fresh, clean water. Water is essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and egg production.
- Grit and Oyster Shells: Offer grit to help hens digest their food and oyster shells as a supplementary source of calcium, especially if you notice thin eggshells.
- Avoid Overfeeding Treats: While treats can be a fun addition to your chickens’ diet, limit them to no more than 10% of their total intake. Overfeeding treats can lead to nutritional imbalances.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Avoiding common feeding mistakes can help ensure your hens stay healthy and productive.
- Feeding Too Much Scratch Grains: Scratch grains are a treat, not a complete feed. Overfeeding scratch can dilute the nutritional value of the layer feed.
- Using Expired Feed: Expired feed can lose its nutritional value and become moldy, which can harm your hens.
- Not Providing Enough Calcium: Insufficient calcium can lead to thin eggshells, egg-binding, and other health problems.
- Feeding Moldy or Rotten Food: Moldy or rotten food can contain toxins that are harmful to chickens.
- Ignoring Pullet Development: Ensure that young pullets are transitioned gradually from grower feed to layer feed to avoid calcium overload before they start laying.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I feed my chickens table scraps?
Table scraps can be a supplemental treat, but should never replace a balanced layer feed. Ensure scraps are safe for chickens (avoiding salty, sugary, and processed foods) and only offer them in moderation. Limit to less than 10% of their diet.
How much feed should I give my laying hens?
The amount of feed a hen needs varies depending on her breed, size, and activity level, but generally, a laying hen will consume around 1/4 to 1/3 of a pound (113 to 150 grams) of feed per day. Providing free-choice access to feed is the best approach.
What are the best treats for laying hens?
Healthy treats include greens like spinach and kale, fruits like berries and apples, and vegetables like carrots and cucumbers. Mealworms are also a good source of protein.
Should I supplement my chickens’ diet with oyster shells?
Yes, offering oyster shells as a free-choice supplement is highly recommended, especially if you notice thin eggshells. Oyster shells provide an extra boost of calcium that can help improve eggshell quality.
Can I mix my own chicken feed?
Mixing your own chicken feed can be complicated. It requires careful planning and knowledge of poultry nutrition. If not done correctly, it can lead to nutrient deficiencies and health problems. Stick with reputable commercial feed unless you are an expert.
What is the best way to store chicken feed?
Store chicken feed in a cool, dry, and rodent-proof container. This helps prevent spoilage, mold growth, and infestation by pests. A metal trash can with a tight-fitting lid is a good option.
How do I know if my chickens are getting enough calcium?
The easiest way to tell if your chickens are getting enough calcium is by examining their eggshells. If the shells are thin, brittle, or easily cracked, it’s likely they need more calcium.
What should I do if my chickens stop laying eggs?
A drop in egg production can have many causes, including age, molting, stress, illness, and poor nutrition. Ensure they are getting a balanced layer feed and are free from stress. If egg production doesn’t return to normal, consult a veterinarian.
Can I feed my chickens cat or dog food?
Do not feed your chickens cat or dog food. These foods are formulated for different species and do not provide the proper balance of nutrients for chickens. They can also be harmful due to certain ingredients.
What is the difference between layer feed and chick starter feed?
Layer feed has a higher calcium content than chick starter feed to support eggshell formation. Chick starter feed has a higher protein content to support rapid growth. Never feed layer feed to chicks.
Do chickens need grit?
Yes, chickens need grit to help them digest their food. Grit is made up of small stones that help grind food in the gizzard. If your chickens free-range and have access to small stones, they may not need supplemental grit.
How often should I change my chickens’ water?
Change your chickens’ water daily, or more often if it becomes dirty. Fresh, clean water is essential for their health and egg production.