When Do Cherries Come Into Season? Decoding Cherry Ripeness
In general, sweet cherries are in season from late May to August, while tart cherries have a more concentrated season, typically from June to July. The specific timing varies significantly depending on the variety and geographic location.
The Allure of Cherries: A Seasonal Delight
Cherries, those jewel-toned fruits bursting with flavor, are a seasonal treat anticipated by food enthusiasts worldwide. From pies and jams to snacking straight from the bowl, their versatility is matched only by their brief window of availability. But when exactly can you expect these delights to grace your local markets and orchards? The answer, as with many natural phenomena, is nuanced, influenced by factors ranging from climate and geography to the specific cherry variety itself.
Unraveling the Cherry Season: Geography and Climate
The timing of cherry season is heavily influenced by where they are grown. Warmer climates, like California, see the earliest cherries, often appearing in late May. As the season progresses, cherry production moves northwards to regions like Washington, Oregon, and Michigan in the United States, and British Columbia in Canada, with peak harvests in June and July.
- California: Late May – June
- Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon): June – August
- Michigan: Late June – July
- Canada (British Columbia): July – August
Altitude also plays a role. Cherries grown at higher elevations tend to ripen later due to cooler temperatures. A mild winter followed by a warm spring generally results in an earlier harvest, while a late frost can delay the season or even damage the crop.
Sweet vs. Tart: Two Distinct Seasons
It’s crucial to distinguish between sweet and tart cherries, as their seasons differ. Sweet cherries, prized for their juicy, snackable quality, generally ripen earlier than their tart counterparts. Tart cherries, also known as sour cherries, are primarily used in baking and preserves.
The Role of Cherry Varieties
Within the sweet cherry category, there’s a range of varieties, each with its own ripening schedule. Bing cherries, perhaps the most well-known sweet cherry, are typically ready for harvest in late June to early July. Rainier cherries, with their delicate pink and yellow hues, follow closely behind. Chelan cherries are known for being one of the earliest sweet cherries to ripen, often appearing in late May. Each cultivar has its own slightly modified timetable.
The Cherry Growing Process: A Year-Round Commitment
Although cherry season is relatively short, the work involved in producing these delicious fruits is a year-round endeavor.
- Dormancy: During the winter months, cherry trees enter a dormant state, requiring a certain number of “chill hours” (hours below a specific temperature) to properly set fruit.
- Bloom: In the spring, the trees burst into bloom, attracting pollinators like bees.
- Fruit Set: After pollination, the blossoms give way to tiny green cherries.
- Ripening: Over the following weeks and months, the cherries gradually grow and ripen, changing color from green to yellow, red, and finally, dark burgundy for sweet cherries, or a bright red for tart cherries.
Factors Affecting Cherry Quality: What to Look For
When choosing cherries, look for firm, plump fruit with a deep, rich color. The stems should be green and attached. Avoid cherries that are bruised, shriveled, or have brown spots. The size of the cherry doesn’t necessarily indicate quality; some varieties are naturally smaller than others. Taste is, of course, the ultimate indicator of quality; ripe cherries should be sweet and juicy (for sweet varieties) or tart and tangy (for tart varieties).
Harvesting Techniques: From Orchard to Table
Cherries are typically harvested by hand to prevent bruising. Workers carefully pick the ripe fruit, ensuring that the stems remain attached. After harvest, the cherries are quickly cooled and sorted to maintain their freshness and quality. Modern sorting techniques often involve advanced imaging technology to detect defects and ensure that only the best cherries make it to market.
Common Mistakes: What to Avoid
A common mistake is picking cherries before they are fully ripe. Unripe cherries are tart and lack the characteristic sweetness of ripe fruit. Another mistake is storing cherries improperly. Cherries should be stored in the refrigerator in a plastic bag or container and consumed within a few days of purchase. Washing cherries before storing them can accelerate spoilage. Only wash them just before eating.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the earliest cherry varieties to ripen?
The earliest cherry varieties to ripen are generally Chelan and Coral Champagne, both sweet cherries. These varieties can sometimes be found as early as late May or early June in warmer regions like California.
How can I tell if a cherry is ripe?
Ripe sweet cherries should have a deep, rich color (dark red or burgundy, depending on the variety) and be firm to the touch. Tart cherries will be a bright red color. The stem should be green and firmly attached. Give it a taste! A ripe cherry will be sweet and juicy (for sweet varieties) or tart and tangy (for tart varieties).
Do all cherry varieties ripen at the same time?
No, cherry varieties ripen at different times. Some varieties, like Chelan, ripen earlier than others, such as Bing or Rainier. This staggered ripening helps extend the cherry season, allowing consumers to enjoy fresh cherries for a longer period. Consider checking local harvest reports for the specific varieties grown in your area.
What is the difference between sweet cherries and tart cherries?
Sweet cherries are typically eaten fresh and have a higher sugar content. Tart cherries, also known as sour cherries, are more acidic and are often used in pies, jams, and juices. They also have a distinct, tangy flavor.
How long do cherries last after being picked?
Cherries have a relatively short shelf life. They are best consumed within a few days of being picked or purchased. Storing them in the refrigerator in a plastic bag or container can help extend their freshness, but they should be washed just before eating, not before storing. Expect them to degrade in quality after about a week.
Can I freeze cherries to enjoy them later?
Yes, cherries can be frozen. To freeze cherries, wash and pit them, then spread them out in a single layer on a baking sheet. Freeze for a few hours until solid, then transfer them to a freezer bag or container. Frozen cherries can be used in smoothies, pies, and other recipes. Frozen cherries can last for up to a year.
What are “chill hours” and why are they important for cherry trees?
Chill hours are the number of hours below a certain temperature (typically between 32°F and 45°F) that a fruit tree needs during the winter to properly break dormancy and set fruit in the spring. If a cherry tree doesn’t get enough chill hours, it may not bloom or produce fruit. Different cherry varieties have different chill hour requirements.
What are some of the most popular sweet cherry varieties?
Some of the most popular sweet cherry varieties include Bing, Rainier, Chelan, Lambert, and Tulare. Each variety has its own unique flavor, texture, and appearance. Bing cherries are the most widely grown and recognized.
What are some common pests and diseases that affect cherry trees?
Common pests and diseases that affect cherry trees include cherry fruit fly, brown rot, bacterial canker, and aphids. Proper orchard management practices, such as pruning, sanitation, and the use of pesticides or fungicides, can help control these problems. Early detection and treatment are crucial.
Are cherries good for my health?
Yes, cherries are a nutritious fruit. They are a good source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, including vitamin C, potassium, and anthocyanins. Studies have shown that cherries may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may help reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases. Tart cherries have been specifically linked to improved sleep.
How do I pit cherries easily?
There are several ways to pit cherries easily. A cherry pitter is a specialized tool designed for this purpose. Alternatively, you can use a paperclip, a chopstick, or even a pastry tip. Simply insert the tool into the stem end of the cherry and push the pit out. Many kitchen supply stores sell inexpensive cherry pitters.
Where can I find locally grown cherries?
You can find locally grown cherries at farmers’ markets, roadside stands, and pick-your-own orchards. Checking local harvest calendars or contacting local agricultural extension offices can help you find out when and where locally grown cherries are available in your area. Support your local farmers and enjoy the freshest possible cherries!