When Is A Fig Ready To Pick? The Ultimate Guide to Ripe Figs
The key to harvesting the perfect fig lies in understanding subtle signs. A ripe fig is generally indicated by a slight droop, a change in color consistent with its variety, and a soft, yielding texture. Some varieties will also display a small crack in the skin near the ostiole.
The Allure of the Fig: A Brief Introduction
Figs, with their unique teardrop shape and sweet, honeyed flavor, have been cultivated for millennia. From ancient civilizations to modern gardens, figs hold a place of culinary and historical significance. However, the window for optimal fig harvest is notoriously narrow. Picking too early results in a bland, starchy fruit; waiting too long invites pests and a mushy, overripe mess. This guide will provide you with the knowledge to identify the signs of a perfectly ripe fig, ensuring you reap the rewards of your fig tree.
Understanding Fig Development
Fig trees bear fruit in two main crops, depending on the variety and climate: the breba crop, which develops on the previous year’s growth, and the main crop, which appears on the current year’s growth. Recognizing which crop you’re dealing with is the first step to understanding when your figs will be ready. Generally, breba figs ripen earlier in the season, often in early summer, while the main crop ripens later, in late summer or fall.
Visual Cues: Color, Shape, and the Ostiole
The color of a ripe fig depends entirely on the variety. Some figs turn a deep purple, others a vibrant green, and still others a rich brown or even a golden yellow. Research your fig variety to understand its specific ripening color. The shape is another indicator; a slight droop or “neck bending” suggests the fig is heavy with ripeness. Lastly, observe the ostiole, the small hole at the bottom of the fig. In many varieties, a drop of syrup will appear or the ostiole may crack slightly when the fig is ready.
Tactile Clues: The Soft Squeeze Test
Gently feel the fig. A ripe fig will yield to gentle pressure. It should not be rock hard, which indicates immaturity, nor should it be mushy, suggesting it is overripe. The perfectly ripe fig will feel soft and pliable, almost ready to burst with sweetness.
The Stem Connection: A Gentle Tug
The final test is the stem connection. When a fig is ripe, it should easily detach from the branch with a gentle tug. If you have to pull hard, it’s likely not ready. Ripe figs will often almost fall into your hand with the slightest encouragement. This is a crucial indicator of ripeness and reduces the risk of damaging the tree.
Variety Matters: Understanding Fig Cultivars
Not all figs ripen the same way. The ‘Brown Turkey’ fig, for example, turns a deep brownish-purple when ripe, while the ‘Kadota’ fig remains a yellow-green color, even when fully ripe. ‘Black Mission’ figs become nearly black and very soft. Understanding the specific characteristics of your fig cultivar is essential for accurate ripening assessment.
Here’s a table showing some popular varieties and their ripeness indicators:
| Variety | Ripeness Indicator | Color at Ripeness |
|---|---|---|
| Brown Turkey | Softening, slight droop, stem easily detaches | Brownish-purple |
| Kadota | Softening, slight droop, subtle color change | Yellow-green |
| Black Mission | Deep purple to black color, very soft, slight crack | Nearly Black |
| Celeste | Small size, soft, slight droop | Light Brown to Violet |
| LSU Gold | Softening, skin turns golden | Golden Yellow |
Avoiding Common Fig Harvesting Mistakes
Many people pick figs too early, resulting in a disappointing flavor. Be patient and trust the indicators. Overwatering close to ripening can also cause the figs to split and spoil. Finally, protect your ripening figs from birds and other pests with netting if necessary.
Extending the Fig Harvest
To maximize your fig harvest, consider succession planting different fig varieties that ripen at different times. Pruning your fig tree correctly also encourages fruit production. Proper fertilization can also ensure a healthy and abundant harvest.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Fig Ripening
How long does it take for a fig to ripen after it forms on the tree?
The time it takes for a fig to ripen varies depending on the variety, climate, and growing conditions. Generally, it takes 60 to 85 days from fruit set to ripening. The breba crop usually ripens faster than the main crop. Consistent watering and adequate sunlight can speed up the ripening process.
Can I ripen figs indoors after picking them?
While you can allow figs to soften slightly indoors after picking, they will not truly ripen or become sweeter off the tree. Figs are best left on the tree until they are fully ripe. However, if you must pick them early due to impending frost or pest issues, store them at room temperature in a single layer to allow for some softening. Don’t expect significant improvement in flavor.
What does it mean if my figs are splitting?
Splitting figs are often caused by inconsistent watering, particularly after a period of drought. The rapid influx of water causes the fig to swell faster than the skin can expand, resulting in cracks. Maintain consistent soil moisture during the ripening period to prevent splitting. Some varieties are also more prone to splitting than others.
Why are my figs dropping before they ripen?
Premature fig drop can be caused by various factors, including stress from drought, overwatering, lack of pollination (in varieties that require it), nutrient deficiencies, and pest infestations. Ensure your fig tree receives adequate water, fertilizer, and pest control to minimize fruit drop.
Do all fig varieties require pollination?
No, many common fig varieties are parthenocarpic, meaning they can produce fruit without pollination. These include ‘Brown Turkey’, ‘Celeste’, and ‘LSU Gold’. Smyrna-type figs, such as ‘Calimyrna’, require pollination by a fig wasp to develop properly.
What are some common pests that affect fig trees?
Common fig pests include fig mites, scale insects, nematodes, and birds. Regularly inspect your tree for signs of infestation and take appropriate action, such as using horticultural oil or netting, to protect your figs.
How do I know if my fig tree is getting enough sunlight?
Fig trees need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive and produce a good crop of figs. If your tree is not getting enough sunlight, it may produce fewer figs, and the figs may not ripen properly. Consider transplanting the tree to a sunnier location or pruning surrounding trees to increase sunlight exposure.
What is the best fertilizer for fig trees?
A balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 8-8-8, can be used to fertilize fig trees. Apply the fertilizer in the spring before new growth begins. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production. Consider also incorporating compost to improve soil health.
Can I grow fig trees in pots?
Yes, fig trees can be successfully grown in pots, making them ideal for gardeners in cooler climates. Choose a large pot with good drainage and use a well-draining potting mix. Dwarf fig varieties are particularly well-suited for container growing.
How do I prune my fig tree?
Pruning fig trees helps to maintain their shape, remove dead or damaged wood, and improve fruit production. Prune in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins. The specific pruning technique depends on the variety and growth habit of your tree. Consult a local gardening expert for variety-specific pruning recommendations.
Why are my figs tasteless?
Tasteless figs are often the result of picking them too early or insufficient sunlight. Ensure your figs are fully ripe before harvesting and that your tree receives adequate sunlight. Overwatering close to harvest can also dilute the sugars in the fruit, making them less flavorful.
How should I store ripe figs?
Ripe figs are highly perishable. Store them in the refrigerator for up to a few days. For longer storage, consider drying, freezing, or making jam or preserves. Fresh figs are best enjoyed soon after harvest to savor their full flavor and texture.