Why Is Arugula Called Rocket?
Arugula, the peppery green we love in salads, is also known as rocket because the name evolved from the Italian word ‘ruchetta’, which itself comes from the Latin word ‘eruca’, meaning both ‘rocket’ and ‘caterpillar’; the name likely referencing the plant’s rapid growth and sharp, almost aggressive flavor profile.
Arugula: A History of Two Names
Arugula, also known as rocket, rocket salad, or roquette, enjoys a fascinating history tied intimately to its dual naming convention. While “arugula” has gained considerable popularity, particularly in North America, “rocket” remains the dominant term in the UK, Australia, and other parts of the world. Tracing the origins of these names reveals not just linguistic evolution but also sheds light on how cultural preferences and agricultural practices have shaped our understanding of this vibrant green.
The Latin Roots: From Eruca to Rucola
The story begins with the Latin word eruca, which referred to both the plant we know as arugula/rocket and, perhaps surprisingly, caterpillars. This association might stem from the rapid growth of the plant, mirroring the voracious appetite of caterpillars. Over time, eruca evolved into ruchetta in Italian. From ruchetta, we get the Italian term “rucola,” which has morphed into “arugula” in English, largely thanks to Italian-American influence on culinary trends.
The “Rocket” Trajectory: A Blast of Flavor
While eruca evolved into ruchetta and then arugula, it also spawned another line of linguistic descent. The English term “rocket” is believed to have originated from the French word “roquette,” which itself is derived from the same Latin root, eruca. The term “rocket” beautifully captures the plant’s sharp, peppery flavor and its rapid, almost explosive growth. The name also hints at the plant’s pungent scent and the invigorating sensation it leaves on the palate.
Geographical Distribution and Popularity
The preference for “arugula” versus “rocket” is largely determined by geographical location. In North America, “arugula” is the more widely used and recognized term, often appearing on menus and in grocery stores. However, in the UK, Australia, and parts of Europe, “rocket” remains the preferred nomenclature. This variation underscores the cultural differences in culinary traditions and linguistic evolution.
Beyond the Names: Cultivating Arugula/Rocket
No matter what you call it, arugula/rocket is a relatively easy plant to cultivate. It thrives in cool weather and requires minimal maintenance, making it a popular choice for home gardeners.
- Seed Starting: Sow seeds directly in the garden or start them indoors for transplanting.
- Soil Requirements: Arugula/Rocket prefers well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5.
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells.
- Harvesting: Harvest leaves when they are young and tender, typically 4-6 weeks after planting.
Nutritional Benefits of Arugula/Rocket
Arugula/Rocket isn’t just delicious; it’s also packed with nutrients. It is a great source of:
- Vitamin K: Essential for blood clotting and bone health.
- Vitamin A: Important for vision, immune function, and cell growth.
- Vitamin C: An antioxidant that supports immune function and collagen production.
- Calcium: Necessary for strong bones and teeth.
Cooking with Arugula/Rocket: From Salads to Pesto
Arugula/Rocket’s distinctive peppery flavor makes it a versatile ingredient in a variety of dishes.
- Salads: Arugula/Rocket adds a zesty kick to mixed green salads.
- Pizzas: Sprinkle fresh arugula/rocket on top of pizza after baking.
- Pesto: Arugula/Rocket can be used to make a flavorful pesto.
- Sandwiches: Add arugula/rocket to sandwiches and wraps for a peppery bite.
Frequently Asked Questions About Arugula/Rocket
Why does arugula/rocket taste peppery?
Arugula/Rocket’s peppery flavor comes from compounds called glucosinolates, which are naturally present in cruciferous vegetables. When the plant is damaged (e.g., by chewing), these compounds are converted into isothiocyanates, which give arugula/rocket its characteristic bite.
Is arugula/rocket easy to grow at home?
Yes, arugula/rocket is relatively easy to grow at home. It prefers cool weather and well-drained soil. It can be grown in containers or directly in the garden and typically matures quickly.
Can you eat arugula/rocket flowers?
Yes, arugula/rocket flowers are edible and have a milder, slightly sweet flavor compared to the leaves. They make a lovely garnish for salads and other dishes.
How do you store arugula/rocket to keep it fresh?
To keep arugula/rocket fresh, wrap it in a damp paper towel and store it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. It’s best to use it within a few days of purchase.
What are some dishes that pair well with arugula/rocket?
Arugula/Rocket pairs well with a variety of ingredients, including Parmesan cheese, balsamic vinegar, lemon juice, prosciutto, and toasted nuts. It complements both savory and sweet dishes.
Is arugula/rocket a good source of vitamins and minerals?
Yes, arugula/rocket is a good source of vitamins and minerals, including Vitamin K, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and calcium. It also contains antioxidants that help protect against cell damage.
What’s the difference between wild arugula and cultivated arugula?
Wild arugula, also known as Diplotaxis tenuifolia, has a more intense and peppery flavor than cultivated arugula, Eruca sativa. Wild arugula also tends to have smaller, more jagged leaves.
Can arugula/rocket cause any allergic reactions?
While rare, some people may be allergic to arugula/rocket. Allergic reactions can range from mild skin irritation to more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing.
How do you prevent arugula/rocket from becoming too bitter?
To prevent arugula/rocket from becoming too bitter, harvest the leaves when they are young and tender. Also, provide consistent watering to prevent the plant from becoming stressed. Bolting (going to seed) can also make the leaves more bitter.
What are the best companion plants for arugula/rocket?
Good companion plants for arugula/rocket include carrots, radishes, and beets. These plants help deter pests and improve soil health.
Is arugula/rocket considered a superfood?
While not officially classified as a “superfood,” arugula/rocket is a nutrient-dense vegetable that offers numerous health benefits. Its high vitamin and mineral content, combined with its antioxidant properties, make it a valuable addition to a healthy diet.
Can you freeze arugula/rocket?
Freezing arugula/rocket is not recommended as it tends to become soggy and lose its texture and flavor. It is best consumed fresh. However, it can be used in cooked dishes if frozen, but the texture will be compromised.